BioEnergentics Final Flashcards
Substrates
Fuel sources from which we make energy; they are: carbs, fats, and proteins
What is bioenergetics?
the process of converting substrates (carbs, fats, proteins) into energy
What is metabolism?
highly integrated network of chemical reactions essential to viability of living organisms
What unit is energy release measured in?
calories (cal): amount of heat energy needed to raise 1g of water 1 degree celcius
What unit is energy release typically measured in in humans?
kilocalorie (kcal) which is equal to 1000 calories
What is an endergonic reaction?
a reaction that requires energy to be added to the reactants before the reaction can start
What is an exergonic reaction?
a reaction that needs to give off energy as a result of chemical processes
What storage form is food converted into in order to create energy?
ATP
What are the three primary sources of energy/fuel?
carbs, fats, proteins
Energy is released when chemical bonds are:
broken
How many kcals do carbs provide, and how many kcals are stored in the body?
provides 4kcal/g and stores 2500 kcal
Extra glucose is stored as ___ in the liver and muscles
glycogen
Stores of CHO are limited and can be depleted during:
prolonged exercise
When is glycogen converted back to glucose?
when more ATP is needed
How many kcals do fats provide?
9 kcal/g
What is an efficient substrate and has efficient storage?
fat
What is the form that fats are stored in?
triglyceride
Triglycerides are broken down by a process called:
lipolysis
Only ___ are used to form ATP
FFA’s (free fatty acids)
How many kcals do proteins provide?
4 kcal/g
In order for proteins to be used, they must first be converted into:
glucose via gluconeogenesis
The process of converting protein and carbs into FFAs is called:
lipogenesis
What percent of energy can proteins provide during prolonged exercise?
5-10%
The speed of cellular chemical reactions is regulated by:
catalysts