Biochemistry Flashcards
what are zymogens?
inactive precursors of an enzyme
irreversibly transformed into active enzymes by cleavage of a bond
what are co-enzymes?
organic molecules required for enzymatic activity
change during course of reaction- regenerated
most associate transiently
what is free energy change?
amount of energy released when forming products from reactants under standard conditions
what is an isoenzyme?
isoforms of enzymes
catalyse same reactions- different properties/ structure
when can isozymes be synthesised?
during different stages of foetal & embryonic development
what is transition state?
the reaction intermediate species which has the greatest free energy
what can convert enzymes to active/ inactive form?
protein kinases
what do the subunits of lactate dehydrogenase do?
H (heart) - promotes anaerobic metabolism ha
M (muscle)- promotes anaerobic metabolism man
what is the calculation for Km?
(k to the -1 + k2)/ k1
what does k1, k to the -1 and k2 mean?
k1 : forward rate for enzyme association with substrate
k to the -1 : backwards rate for enzyme dissociation with substrate
k2 : forward rate of enzyme conversion from energy to product
what is the Michaelis-Menten calculation?
1/V = Km/Vmax x 1/[S] + 1/Vmax
what are examples of basic amino acids?
lysine, arginine, histidine
what are examples of acidic amino acids?
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
what are examples of polar amino acids?
glycine
serine
glutamine
asparagine
what are examples of hydrophobic amino acids?
proline
valine
leucine
