Antibiotics Flashcards
what should be used against coliforms (mainly)?
gentamicin
what is effective against ESBL?
Temocillin
Meropenem
what should be used against anaerobes?
metranizadole
what is vancomycin used for?
staph aureus, MSSA, MRSA
gram +ve aerobic cocci, bacilli
no -ve activity
what are strengths of penicillin?
safe, very few side effects
flexible molecules, variety
excreted rapidly via kidneys
safe in pregnancy
what are limitations of penicillin?
hypersensitivity
rapid excretion via kidneys
resistance
what can temocillin be used for?
coliforms
ESBL
gram -ve
what are the targets of beta-lactam antibiotics?
penicillin binding proteins
(PBP)
what can be used against c.difficile?
metronidazole
vancomycin - mainly
how do quinolones work?
bind to A subunit of DNA gyrase and prevent supercoiling of DNA
how do tetracyclines work?
binds to 30S subunit, prevents attachment of tRNA to acceptor sites
how do aminoglycosides work?
binds to 30S subunit
how do beta lactams work?
by disrupting cell wall synthesis
what produces toxins?
clostridium tetani
clostridium perfringes
bacillus anthracis
name the beta lactams
glycopeptides
cephalosporins
carbapenems
flucloxacillin
co-amoxiclav
temocillin
amoxicillin
penicillin V
tazobactam-pipericillin
which group does vancomycin belong to?
glycopeptides
name a carbapenem
meropenem
name a cephalosporin
ceftriaxone
how does vancomycin work?
binds to peptide side chains (D-alanine to D-alanine), prevents incorporation into cell wall
which spectrum are cephalosporins?
broad
what is the spectrum of carbapenems?
broad
how is flucloxacillin, co-amoxiclav, amoxicillin adminstered?
IV, Oral
which penicillin is administered IV only?
temocillin
name nucleic acid inhibitors
Nitroimidazoles (metronidazole)
fluoroquinolones/ quinolones
trimethroprin
which antibiotic inhibits folic acid synthesis?
Trimethoprim
how is vancomycin administered?
IV only otherwise causes kidney damage
what is trimethoprim used against?
UTIs, E.coli
name quinolones
ciprofloxacin (IV, oral)
Levofloxacin (IV)
name protein synthesis inhibitors
macrolides
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
lincosamides
name macrolides
erythromycin
clarithromycin
how is gentamicin excreted?
urine
name tetracyclines
doxycycline
tetracycline
which group soes clindamycin belong to?
lincosamides
