Biochem: Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for monosaccharides

A

CnH2nOn

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2
Q

What kind of bond is a glycosidic linkage? How is it formed?

A

Covalent bond between monosaccharides, formed by dehydration synthesis

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3
Q

What kind of linkages exist directly b/w monomers and linkages for branches in glycogen

A

alpha 1,4 b/w monosaccarides

alpha 1,6 for branching

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4
Q

Only _____ even/odd numbered fatty acids are made in human cells

A

Even

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5
Q

_____Saturated/unsaturated fatty acids have ____cis/trans double bond(s) in chain

A

Unsaturated

Cis

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6
Q

lipase

A

Hydrolyze fats

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7
Q

How is a phospholipid different than a triglyceride?

A

One of the fatty acid chains is phosphate instead

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8
Q

______ increasing/decreasing fatty acid tails increases fluidity of membrane

A

decreasing

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9
Q

What is a Terpene? What is a isoprene?
Why are terpenes important?
Chemical formula?

A

Terpene (another kind of lipid) = simple hydrocarbon
Build form multiple isoprene units so super hydrophobic
Need at least 2 isoprene units to form a terpene
Squalene = 6 isoprenes in it so 3 terpenes (triterpene) so classified as tri terpene

Terpene precursor to steroids in biosynthesis (cholesterol)! And component of earwaxe
Terpenes form cholesterol (type of steroid)

(C5H8)n

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10
Q

Terpenoid (not as important)

A

natural and synthetically derived species that are built from an isoprene skeleton and functionalized with other elements (O,N,S, etc)
ex Vitamin A

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11
Q

What is signature structure of a steroid?

A

All you need to know about structure is that it has 3 six carbon rings + five-carbon ring

If have this it is cholesterol or derivative of cholesterol

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12
Q

Diff b/w alpha and beta glycosidic linkages between monosaccharides

A

Alpha bond on same side

Beta literally looks like B with one going up and other down

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13
Q

What kind of bond do humans normally have for monosaccharides: alpha or beta? What are the numbers?

A

Glycogen serves as E storage carbohydrate for humans and is composed of thousands of glucose units joined in alpha 1,4 linkages and alpha 1,6 branches.
We typically have alpha (mostly) and some beta (lactose) BUT we can not hydrolyze beta-1,4 linkages of cellulose

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