Biochem: Amino acids Flashcards
Aspartic Acid
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
D, Asp
acidic bc has carboxylic acid in R group
Aspartate - anionic (deprotonated) form of each molecule, which is how these amino acids are observed at physiological pH
Charge -1
Glutamic acid
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
E, Glu
acidic bc has longer chain than Asp but also has carboxylic acid in R group
Glutamate - anionic (deprotonated) form of each molecule, which is how these amino acids are observed at physiological pH
charge -1
Lysine
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
K, Lys Basic Amino Acids - pKa 10 cationic (protonated at biological pH) Looks like long CH2 chain Charge +1
Arginine
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
R, Arg
Basic Amino Acid- pKa 12
cationic (protonated at biological pH)
Charge +1
Histidine
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
H, His
Basic Amino Acid but can also act as Acidic Amino acid bc pKa value close to physiological pH - pKa 6.5
At pH of 7.4, histidine is unique in that it can either be protonated or deprotonated - so can act as acid too
Charge +1 (25%)
Glycine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
G, Gly
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group is just an H, aliphatic (alkyl) R group
0
Alanine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
A, Ala
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group is methyl group, aliphatic (alkyl) R group
0
Valine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
V, Val
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group looks like two methyl groups branching out from each other and 1C away from aa, aliphatic (alkyl) R group
0
Leucine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
L, Leu
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group looks like two methyl groups branching out from each other and 2C away from aa, aliphatic (alkyl) R group
0
Isoleucine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
I, Ile
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group looks like Leucine but extra methyl popping out of one of the branched methyl groups
0
Phenylalanine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
F, Phe
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group looks like hexagon popping out of side - aromatic side chain
0
Tryptophan One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
W, Trp
Hydrophobic [nonpolar] Amino Acids - repel water so often found on the interior of folding proteins
R group looks like pentagon and hexagon attached, aromatic side chain
0
Serine One letter code, three letter code Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic What does the R group look like? Charge at physiological pH
S, Ser
Polar
R-group is polar enough to have hydrogen bonds with water but which does not act as an acid or base, they are hydrophilic and will interact with water whenever possible.
hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues are often modified by the attachment of a phosphate group by a regulatory enzyme called a kinase and this regulates protein activity.
R group looks like methyl with OH at end
0
Threonine
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
T, Thr
Polar
R-group is polar enough to have hydrogen bonds with water but which does not act as an acid or base, they are hydrophilic and will interact with water whenever possible.
hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues are often modified by the attachment of a phosphate group by a regulatory enzyme called a kinase and this regulates protein activity
0
Tyrosine
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
Y, Tyr
Polar
R-group is polar enough to have hydrogen bonds with water but which does not act as an acid or base, they are hydrophilic and will interact with water whenever possible.
hydroxyl groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues are often modified by the attachment of a phosphate group by a regulatory enzyme called a kinase and this regulates protein activity.
0
Asparagine
One letter code, three letter code
Category: polar, non-polar, acidic, basic
Charge at physiological pH
N, Asn
Polar
R-group is polar enough to have hydrogen bonds with water but which does not act as an acid or base, they are hydrophilic and will interact with water whenever possible
0