Biochem Lec 5B - Integration of metabolism - energy balance and body composition Flashcards
BMI formula
weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2
healthy weight BMI
18.5-24.9
overweight BMI
25-29.9
obesity BMI
30-39.9
underweight BMI
<18.5
extreme obesity BMI
> =40
how much of body weight should be fat
general disease risk levels for men
young men: 22%
men over 40: 25%
how much of body weight should be fat
general disease risk levels for women
young women: 32%
women over 40: 35%
visceral fat location / name
upper body fat / central obesity
stored around organs of the abdomen
subcutaneous fat location
lower body fat, stored around hips and thighs
is lower body fat associated with chronic diseases?
not usually
what is upper body fat associated w
heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, some types of cancer
waist circumference indicator of fat distribution & central obesity number for women and men
women: >35in
men: >40in
health risks associated w body weight and body fat
-cardiovascular disease - elevated blood cholesterol & hypertension
-diabetes - type II - central obesity - central body fat cells appear to be larger and more insulin resistant than lower body fat cells
-cancer - relationship not fully understood
can your number of fat cells decrease?
no change in number, fat cell size decreases
lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity
-removes triglycerides from blood for storage in adipose tissue and muscle cells
-obese people have more LPL activity in adipose tissue than lean people making fat storage efficient
obesity gene name and expressed where, and what protein does it code for
gene ob, expressed primarily in the adipose tissue, codes for Leptin
Leptin function
acts as a hormone,
promotes negative energy balance
suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure
when is leptin released and from where
leptin from stomach is released in response to food presence
leptin deficiency
constantly hungry and eat considerably more
leptin levels trend w increasing BMI
leptin levels rise w increasing BMI to try to diminish appetite, but to no avail bc of “lectin resistance”
adiponectin
-lean people have higher amounts
-inhibits inflammation and protests against insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
-increases insulin sensitivity
-researchers trying to find ways to raise adiponectin levels in obese individuals so as to decrease disease risks
adiponectin [ ] and secreted from
[ ] lower in obesity, secreted from adipose tissue
leptin [ ] and secreted from
[ ] higher in obesity, secreted from adipose tissue
anorexia nervosa
-eating disorder by refusal to maintain a normal body weight
-intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese
-disturbance of body image resulting in a feeling of being fat or having fat uncertain areas even when extremely emaciated
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder involving episodic binge eating followed by behaviors designed to prevent weight gain, including purging, fasting, excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa relation w enamel
causes enamel erosion bc of acid
binge eating disorder
eating disorder characterized by binge eating, rarely purging and exert less restraint than bulimics during times of dieting
