Biochem Lec 3 - Lipid Metabolism - Fatty acid and triacylglycerol metabolism

Question 1

different forms of fatty acids

Answer 1

free fatty acids
fatty acyl esters in TAGS (most are bound)

Question 2

free fatty acids are oxidized or reduced by many tissues to produce energy particularly

Answer 2

oxidized
liver
muscle

Question 3

structure of fatty acids

Answer 3

hydrophobic carbon chain [CH3(CH2)n]
hydrophilic carboxyl group (ionized at pH7) [COO-]
fatty acid consists of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with a terminal hydrophilic carboxyl group

Question 4

amphipathic molecule

Answer 4

water loving and water hating portion

Question 5

more than 90% of FAs found in plasma are in what form

Answer 5

fatty acid esters (bound) (primarily triacylglycerol, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids) contained in circulating lipoprotein particles

Question 6

unesterified (free) fatty acids are transported in the circulation in association with what

Answer 6

albumin (water soluble protein)

Question 7

FAs are what type of acids

Answer 7

monocarboxylic acids that typically contain hydrocarbon chains of variable lengths (between 12 and 20 or more carbons)

Question 8

FAs occur primarily in ___ and several types of membrane-bound lipid molecules

Answer 8

triacylglycerols

Question 9

saturated FAs

Answer 9

contain only c-c single bonds

Question 10

unsaturated FAs

Answer 10

contain one or more double bonds

Question 11

double bonds are rigid structures, so molecules only occur in 2 isomeric forms, is cis or trans more common

Answer 11

cis is more common
trans will pack tighter

Question 12

cis double bonds cause what

Answer 12

an inflexible kink in the FA chain

Question 13

the inflexible kink means what

Answer 13

does not pack as tightly, so there is a lower melting point (liquids at room temp)

Question 14

how will a longer hydrocarbon chain affect melting point

Answer 14

longer the hydrocarbon chain, the higher the melting point

Question 15

if fatty acid has more than one double bond, how are they spaced

Answer 15

spaced at 3 carbon intervals

Question 16

arachidonic acid -

Answer 16

makes molecules that help w inflation & hypersensitivity

Question 17

linoleic acid

Answer 17

18:2(9,12) or 18:2w-6
(2 double bonds omega 6)

Question 18

alpha-linolenic acid

Answer 18

18:3(9,12,15)
or 18:3w-3
(3 double bonds)

Question 19

formic acid structure

Answer 19

1

Question 20

palmitic acid structure

Answer 20

16:0

Question 21

synthase can only handle up to what length

Answer 21

16

Question 22

arachidonic acid structure

Answer 22

20:4(5,8,11,14)

Question 23

essential fatty acids

Answer 23

linoleic acid
alpha-linolenic acid

Question 24

precursor of prostaglandins

Answer 24

arachidonic acid

Question 25

what FAs chain lengths are found significantly in milk

Answer 25

4-10 carbons

Question 26

ketone bodies

Answer 26

acetoacetate
acetone
3-hydroxybutyrate