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Biomed > Biochem Lec 5B - Integration of metabolism - Vitamins > Flashcards

Biochem Lec 5B - Integration of metabolism - Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

energy releasing B complex vitamins

A

B1, B2, B3, B5, B7

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2
Q

b complex hematopoietic vitamins

A

B9, B12

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3
Q

what is the only fat soluable vitamin with a coneznyme function

A

vitamin K

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4
Q

B1 name

A

Thiamine

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5
Q

B2 name

A

Riboflavin

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6
Q

B3 name

A

Niacin

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7
Q

B5 name

A

Pantothenic Acid

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8
Q

B6 name

A

Pyridoxoine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine

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9
Q

B7 name

A

biotin

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10
Q

B9 name

A

Folic Acid

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11
Q

B12 name

A

Cobalamin

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12
Q

what is a good source of B1

A

whole grain

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13
Q

what does B1 help w

A

part of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
energy metabolism - conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, TCA cycle
nerve activity and muscle activity

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14
Q

what complex requires TPP and thus B1

A

E1 of the PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenease complex) complex [helps for Acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle]

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15
Q

What are the B1 deficiencies

A

Beriberi - found where polished rice is the major component of diet - affects nervous system or cardiovascular system; muscle wasting and edema

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome - seen in association with chronic alcoholism - apathy, loss of memory, ataxia, rhythmic to and fro motion of the eyeballs (nystagmus)

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16
Q

B2 function

A

serves as coenzyme in energy metabolism
(flavin mononucleotide) FMN
(flavin adenine dinucleotide) FAD

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17
Q

B2 deficiencies

A

Cheiolsis (fissuring at the corners of the mouth)
Glossitis (tongue appearing smooth and purplish)
no major disease
dermatitis

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18
Q

B3 function

A

coenzyme forms are NAD and NADP
central in energy transfer reactions
protects against neurological degeneration

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19
Q

B3 deficiencies

A

Pellagra - disease of the skin, GI tract and CNS
symptoms - dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia (3Ds), and if untreated, death

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20
Q

forms of B6

A

pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine
precursors of the coeznyme pyridoxal phosphate
used in amino acid metabolism

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21
Q

catecholamine examples

A

dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine
(active amines)

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22
Q

where are dopamine and norepinephrine synthesized and what is its function

A

in the brain and functions as neurotransmitters

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23
Q

where are epinephrine and norepinephrine synthesized

A

in the adrenal medulla

24
Q

synthesis of catecholamines enzyme

A

PLP (pyridoxal phosphate)
(dopa to dopamine)

25
Q

what is the only water soluble vitamin with significant toxicity and what is the consequence

A

B6, neurological damage

26
Q

B6 deficiency

A

scaly dermatits, anemia, depression, confusion, convulsions

27
Q

B7 function

A

part of a coenzyme used in carboxylation reactions (such as fatty acid synthesis)
used in energy metabolism

28
Q

B7 deficiency

A

are rare

29
Q

B9 function

A

used in DNA synthesis and therefore important in new cell formation

30
Q

B9 primary coenzme form

A

primary coenzyme form is tetrahydrofolate (THF)

31
Q

what is the most common vitamin deficiency in the US particularly among pregnant women and alcoholics and what are its consequences

A

B9 deficiency
anemia
neural tube defects: spina bifida and anencephaly

32
Q

function of B12

A

used in new cell synthesis
-helps maintain nerve cells
-reforms folate coenzyme
-helps to break down some fatty acids and amino acids

33
Q

B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia

34
Q

B12 usually binds to what in the intestine before absorption

A

intrinsic factor (IF)

35
Q

vitamin C function

A

-aids in collagen synthesis (strengthens blood vessel walls, aids wound healing, provides matrix for bone growth)
-antioxidant
-strengthens resistance to infection
-helps in iron absorption

36
Q

vitamin c deficiency

A

scurvy - sore and spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile blood vessels, swollen joints, anemia

37
Q

vitamin A function

A

vision
reproduction, maintenance of epithelia tissues, bone and tooth growth

38
Q

type of vitamin A molecules

A

retinoids and carotenoids (beta carotene)

39
Q

vitamin A deficiencies

A

night blindness
xerophthalmia - dry eyes, lack of tear production
keratomalacia - softening of the cornea

40
Q

Vitamin D function

A

mineralization of bone

41
Q

vitamin D deficiencies

A

Rickets in children (inadequate calcification resulting in misshapen bones (bowing of leg)

Osteomalacia in adults (poor bone mineralization, soft, flexible, brittle and deformed bones)

Osteoporosis in adults (loss of calcium, results in fractures)

42
Q

vitamin E function

A

antioxidant

43
Q

vitamin E deficiencies

A

red blood cell breakage
nerve damage

44
Q

vitamin K function
(phylloquinone, menaquinone)

A

synthesis of blood clotting proteins
synthesis of bone proteins

45
Q

vitamin K deficiency

A

hemorrhaging

46
Q

major and trace mineral mg

A

> 100mg/day
<100 mg/day

47
Q

function of sodium

A

assist in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction
maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balnce

48
Q

sodium deficiency

A

muscle cramps, mental apathy and loss of appetite

49
Q

calcium function

A

mineralization of bones and teeth
muscle contraction and relaxation

50
Q

calcium deficiency

A

stunted growth in children
bone loss (osteoporosis) in adults

51
Q

phosphorus functions

A

mineralization of bones and teeth
important in genetic material

52
Q

phosphorus deficiency

A

muscular weakness, bone pain

53
Q

fluoride reduces dental caries by what %

A

50-70%

54
Q

iron deficiency disease

A

anemia

55
Q

what are essential for management of sugar metabolism

A

Zn, Cr, Mn

56
Q

function of Iodine

A

component of thyroid hormone that helps regular growth, development, and metabolic rate

57
Q

iodine deficiency

A

Goiter

Biomed (18 decks)

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