biochem 7B - clinical correlates Flashcards
what cells synthesize bones
osteoblasts
how does osteoblasts function
transport Ca2+ ions from blood into a secreted, uncalficied osteoid matrix composed of mostly type 1 collagen
what type of collagen is osteoblasts made out of
type 1 collagen
bone is restored by
osteoclasts
enamel is made by
ameloblasts
dentin is made by
odontoblasts
cementum is made by
cementoblasts
dentin and cementum are calcified over ___ like bone
type 1 collagen fibers
what does the periodontium comprise of
gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament, and surrounding alveolar bone
what energy pathway do microbes rely on for their sole energy source
fermentation
dental caries results from microbial fermentations that produce what and how
lactacte by glycolysis from monosaccharides
what does saccharolytic mean
sugar metabolizing
what is sugar metabolizing bacteria
saccharolytic bacteria
(lowers pH)
what is non sugar metabolizing bacteria
asaccharolytic bacteria
how do assccharolytic bacteria work
hydrolzye proteins and utlize amino acids for energy
(raises pH)
oral microbiota is predominantly what type of bacteria and what is the end product
saccharolytic bacteria
lactic acid
what are teeth adherent bacterial biofilms called and what are they responsible form
plaque
periodontal disease, and dental caries
in people who keep their teeth clean and have no periodontal disease, the bacteria in a biofilm (microbiota) is mostly which gram type
gram positive
(resembles that in saliva or adhering to the oral mucosa)
which gram bacteria has a thin peptidoglycan wall
gram negative
where is mucins found and what is it
whole saliva contains mucins
(proteins covered w numerous saccharide [glycan] residues)
how are gram positive bacteria able to tolerate the low pH by lactic acid production (which causes caries by dissolving tooth and enamel and dentin)
due to the thick cell wall
what does gingival crevicular fluid provide (GCF)
this exudate of serum proteins provides a gingival sulcus that is rich in proteins than saliva and an environment that is more suited for an asaccharoyltic microbiota
assaccharolytic bacteria produce
ammonia
asaccharolytic bacteria secretes what that digest proteins to small peptides, which they digest (ferment)
proteases
what happens to amino acids in asaccharolytic fermentation
amino acids are deaminated to ammonia
ammonia accumulates from asaccharolytic fermentations, and this does what to the pH
makes the gingival sulcus alkaline
this high pH prevents caries from developing beneath the gingival sulcus
what causes dental calculus and what does it do
alkaline environment also precipitates calcium and phosphate ions from GCF, causing dental calculus
dental calculus interfeeres w self-administed oral hygiene and assacharolytic metabolism intensifies
when sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine) and metabolized, what do they release
H2S along w ammonia
what is the major contributor of oral malodor
H2S (often accompanies moderate to severe periodontal disease)
saccharolytic bacteria are associated with what
dental caries and lactic acid production
asaccharolytic bacteria are associated w what
perodontal disease
collagen synthesis and degradation are central to the well-being of what parts
teeth and periodontium
fibrillar colagen is syntehsized by
fibroblasts (extracellular matrix)
chondroblasts (cartilage)
osteoblasts (bone)
odontoblasts (dentin)
cementoblasts (cementum)
what is the only calcified tissue that does not contain collagen in the vertebrate body
enamel
what is collagen composed of
1/3 glycine
proline, hydroxyproline
what are the sulfur containing aa
cysteine and methionine
