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Biomed > Biochem Lec 3 - Lipid Metabolism - Complex lipid metabolism > Flashcards

Biochem Lec 3 - Lipid Metabolism - Complex lipid metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

phospholipid characteristics

A

polar, ionic compounds

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2
Q

what is the predominat lipid of cell membranes

A

phospholipids

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3
Q

2 classes of phospholipids

A

glycerophospholipid (glycerol backbone)
spingophospholipid (choline / contain sphingosine)

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4
Q

what are phospholipids that contain glycerol called

A

Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides

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5
Q

how are glycerophospholipids formed

A

from phosphatidic acid (PA) and an alcohol
alcohol group can be from serine, ethanolamine, choline

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6
Q

important of spingomylein

A

constituent of the myelin nerve fibers

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7
Q

where are most phospholipids syntehsized

A

smooth ER

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8
Q

after synthesis of phospholipids where do they go

A

transported to golgi apparatus then to membranes of organelles or the plasma membrane, or secreted from cell by exocytosis

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9
Q

what are the most abundant phospholipids in the eukayotic cell

A

phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine
(not serine)

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10
Q

how are phosphoglycerides degraded

A

through phospholipases (hydroylze and cleave the phosphodiester bond)

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11
Q

phospholipases release molecules that can serve as messengers such as

A

DAG (diacylglycerol) and IP3 (inositol triphosphate)

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12
Q

where are phospholipase A2 found

A

mammalian tissues and pancreatic juice, saneka nd bee venom

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13
Q

where are phospholipase A1 present

A

many mammalian tissues

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14
Q

where is phospholiase D found

A

priamrily in plant tissue

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15
Q

where is phospholipase C found

A

in liver lysosomes and a-tox of clostridia and other bacilli

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16
Q

what degrades spingomyelin

A

sphingomyelinase (removes phosphorylcholine, leaving a ceramide)

17
Q

niemann-pick disease is a what deficiency

A

spingomyelinase deficieny
large liver and spleen filled w lipid
severe mental retardation
death in early childhood (type A)

18
Q

what is the composition of glycolipids

A

contain both carb and lipid but no phosphate

19
Q

phospholipid spingomyelin and glycolipids are derivatives of what

A

ceramides

20
Q

where are glycolipids primarily found

A

nerve tissues

21
Q

types of glycospingolipids

A

neutral - are cerebrosides , (contains molecule of galactose or glucose)
acidic - NANA, a sialic aci in gangliosides

22
Q

where does synthesis of glycospingolipids occur

A

golgi apparatus

23
Q

what enzyme for synthesis of glycospingolipid

A

glycosyl transferase

24
Q

enzymes in the degradation of spingolipids

A

b-galatosidase
nana
neuraminidase

25
Q

what are extremely potent compounds that elict physiologic imflammatory repsonse and pathologic hypersensitivty

A

prostaglandins/eicosanoids w 20carbons

26
Q

what enzymes in prostaglandin synthesis

A

cox1 (constitutive), cox 2 (nonconstitutive)

27
Q

what is the dietary precursor of prostaglandins and thromboxanes

A

linoeic acid

28
Q

inhibitors of prostaglandin syntehsis

A

cortisol and asprin

29
Q

what acid is important in syntehsis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes

A

arachidonic acid

30
Q

what are leukotriene

A

mediator of allgeric response

31
Q

leukotriene syntehsis is not affected by

A

NASAID (non sterodial anti inflammatory drugs)

32
Q

NSAID inhibits what

A

Cox 1, cox 2

33
Q

Which Phospholipase plays a role in producing secondary messengers (activated by PIP2)

A

Phospholipase C

34
Q

which phosphopliase acts on phosphatidyl inositol, and releases arachidonic acid (the precursor of prostaglandins)

A

phospholipase A2

35
Q

which phospholipase is inhibited by glucocorticoids (for example cortisol)

A

phospholipase A2

36
Q

which phospholipase is activated by trypsin and requires bile salts for activity andi is involved w pancreatic secretions

A

phospholipase A2

37
Q

gangliosides

A

glycosphingolipids composed of a ceramide lipid tail attached through glycosidic linkage to a glycan headgroup containing one or more sialic acid (NANA) residues

(an acidic glycospingolipid)

Biomed (18 decks)

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