Bio Section 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the spinal cord function Conduction do?

A

They are nerve fibers that conduct sensory and motor information up and down the spinal cord

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2
Q

What does the spinal cord function Neural interaction do?

A

Spinal neurons receive input from multiple sources integrate it and execute appropriate output.

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3
Q

What does the spinal cord function Locomotion do?

A

They are groups of neurons that coordinate repetitive sequences of contractions for walking.

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4
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Involuntary responses to stimuli that are vital to posture, coordination, and protection.

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5
Q

What is a spinal cord?

A

It is cylinders of nervous tissue that arise from the brainstem at the foramen magnum of the skull.

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6
Q

How many spinal nerves are in the spinal cord?

A

31

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7
Q

What are the regions of the spinal cord?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

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8
Q

What two areas of the spinal cord are larger than the rest?

A

Cervical enlargement
Lumbar enlargement

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9
Q

Where is the Cervical enlargement located?

A

In the nerves to the upper limbs.

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10
Q

Where is the Lumbar enlargement located?

A

In the nerves to the pelvic region and lower limbs

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11
Q

What are Meninges?

A

They are fibers that enclose the brain and spinal cord.

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12
Q

What are the meninges from superficial to deep?

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Dural sheath?

A

It separates the spinal cord from the vertebrae

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14
Q

What is spinal Bifida?

A

A congenital defect in which one or more vertebrae fain to form a complete vertebral arch for enclosure of the spinal cord.

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15
Q

Where is the defect of Spinal Bifida commonly found?

A

In the Lumbosacral region.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Ascending spinal track?

A

To carry sensory information up

17
Q

What is the purpose of the Descending Spinal track?

A

To carry motor information down.

18
Q

What does Decussation mean?

A

Crossing of the midline occurs in many tracks so that the brain senses and controls the contralateral side of the body.

19
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A

When the origin and destination of a track are on opposite sides of the body.

20
Q

What does Ipsilateral mean?

A

When the origins and destination of the tract are on the same side of the body.

21
Q

What do the first-order neurons do?

A

They detect stimuli and transmit them to the spinal cord or brainstem.

22
Q

What do the second-order neurons do?

A

They continue to the thalamus at the upper end of the brainstem.

23
Q

What do the third-order neurons do?

A

They carry the signal the rest of the way to the sensory region of the cerebral cortex.

24
Q

Where does the Gracil fasciculus carry single from?

A

From the midthoracic and lower limbs.

25
Q

What track carries signals for pain, pressure, temperature, light touch, tickle, and itch?

A

Spinothalamic

26
Q

Where does the Tectospinal track begin?

A

In the midbrain region.

27
Q

What does poliovirus cause?

A

Poliomyelitis

28
Q

What are the first signs of polio?

A

Muscle pain, weakness, and loss of some reflexes

29
Q

What do reflexes require?

A

Stimulation

30
Q

What are Somatic reflexes?

A

They are reflexes involving the somatic nervous system innervating skeletal muscle.