Bio Section 15 Flashcards
What does the spinal cord function Conduction do?
They are nerve fibers that conduct sensory and motor information up and down the spinal cord
What does the spinal cord function Neural interaction do?
Spinal neurons receive input from multiple sources integrate it and execute appropriate output.
What does the spinal cord function Locomotion do?
They are groups of neurons that coordinate repetitive sequences of contractions for walking.
What are reflexes?
Involuntary responses to stimuli that are vital to posture, coordination, and protection.
What is a spinal cord?
It is cylinders of nervous tissue that arise from the brainstem at the foramen magnum of the skull.
How many spinal nerves are in the spinal cord?
31
What are the regions of the spinal cord?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral
What two areas of the spinal cord are larger than the rest?
Cervical enlargement
Lumbar enlargement
Where is the Cervical enlargement located?
In the nerves to the upper limbs.
Where is the Lumbar enlargement located?
In the nerves to the pelvic region and lower limbs
What are Meninges?
They are fibers that enclose the brain and spinal cord.
What are the meninges from superficial to deep?
Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
What is the purpose of the Dural sheath?
It separates the spinal cord from the vertebrae
What is spinal Bifida?
A congenital defect in which one or more vertebrae fain to form a complete vertebral arch for enclosure of the spinal cord.
Where is the defect of Spinal Bifida commonly found?
In the Lumbosacral region.
What is the purpose of the Ascending spinal track?
To carry sensory information up
What is the purpose of the Descending Spinal track?
To carry motor information down.
What does Decussation mean?
Crossing of the midline occurs in many tracks so that the brain senses and controls the contralateral side of the body.
What does contralateral mean?
When the origin and destination of a track are on opposite sides of the body.
What does Ipsilateral mean?
When the origins and destination of the tract are on the same side of the body.
What do the first-order neurons do?
They detect stimuli and transmit them to the spinal cord or brainstem.
What do the second-order neurons do?
They continue to the thalamus at the upper end of the brainstem.
What do the third-order neurons do?
They carry the signal the rest of the way to the sensory region of the cerebral cortex.
Where does the Gracil fasciculus carry single from?
From the midthoracic and lower limbs.
What track carries signals for pain, pressure, temperature, light touch, tickle, and itch?
Spinothalamic
Where does the Tectospinal track begin?
In the midbrain region.
What does poliovirus cause?
Poliomyelitis
What are the first signs of polio?
Muscle pain, weakness, and loss of some reflexes
What do reflexes require?
Stimulation
What are Somatic reflexes?
They are reflexes involving the somatic nervous system innervating skeletal muscle.
