Bio Section 15

Question 1

What does the spinal cord function Conduction do?

Answer 1

They are nerve fibers that conduct sensory and motor information up and down the spinal cord

Question 2

What does the spinal cord function Neural interaction do?

Answer 2

Spinal neurons receive input from multiple sources integrate it and execute appropriate output.

Question 3

What does the spinal cord function Locomotion do?

Answer 3

They are groups of neurons that coordinate repetitive sequences of contractions for walking.

Question 4

What are reflexes?

Answer 4

Involuntary responses to stimuli that are vital to posture, coordination, and protection.

Question 5

What is a spinal cord?

Answer 5

It is cylinders of nervous tissue that arise from the brainstem at the foramen magnum of the skull.

Question 6

How many spinal nerves are in the spinal cord?

Answer 6

31

Question 7

What are the regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 7

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Question 8

What two areas of the spinal cord are larger than the rest?

Answer 8

Cervical enlargement
Lumbar enlargement

Question 9

Where is the Cervical enlargement located?

Answer 9

In the nerves to the upper limbs.

Question 10

Where is the Lumbar enlargement located?

Answer 10

In the nerves to the pelvic region and lower limbs

Question 11

What are Meninges?

Answer 11

They are fibers that enclose the brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

What are the meninges from superficial to deep?

Answer 12

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Dural sheath?

Answer 13

It separates the spinal cord from the vertebrae

Question 14

What is spinal Bifida?

Answer 14

A congenital defect in which one or more vertebrae fain to form a complete vertebral arch for enclosure of the spinal cord.

Question 15

Where is the defect of Spinal Bifida commonly found?

Answer 15

In the Lumbosacral region.

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Ascending spinal track?

Answer 16

To carry sensory information up

Question 17

What is the purpose of the Descending Spinal track?

Answer 17

To carry motor information down.

Question 18

What does Decussation mean?

Answer 18

Crossing of the midline occurs in many tracks so that the brain senses and controls the contralateral side of the body.

Question 19

What does contralateral mean?

Answer 19

When the origin and destination of a track are on opposite sides of the body.

Question 20

What does Ipsilateral mean?

Answer 20

When the origins and destination of the tract are on the same side of the body.

Question 21

What do the first-order neurons do?

Answer 21

They detect stimuli and transmit them to the spinal cord or brainstem.

Question 22

What do the second-order neurons do?

Answer 22

They continue to the thalamus at the upper end of the brainstem.

Question 23

What do the third-order neurons do?

Answer 23

They carry the signal the rest of the way to the sensory region of the cerebral cortex.

Question 24

Where does the Gracil fasciculus carry single from?

Answer 24

From the midthoracic and lower limbs.

Question 25

What track carries signals for pain, pressure, temperature, light touch, tickle, and itch?

Answer 25

Spinothalamic

Question 26

Where does the Tectospinal track begin?

Answer 26

In the midbrain region.

Question 27

What does poliovirus cause?

Answer 27

Poliomyelitis

Question 28

What are the first signs of polio?

Answer 28

Muscle pain, weakness, and loss of some reflexes

Question 29

What do reflexes require?

Answer 29

Stimulation

Question 30

What are Somatic reflexes?

Answer 30

They are reflexes involving the somatic nervous system innervating skeletal muscle.