Bio 23 Section 1-2 Flashcards
What is an organism composed of?
Organ systems
What are organ systems composed of?
Organs
What are organs composed of?
Tissues
What are tissues composed of?
Cells
What are cells composed of
organelles
What are organelles composed of?
Macromolecules
What are Macromolecules composed of?
Molecules
Organism
is a single, complete individual
Organ system
Is a group of two or more organs with a unique collective function.
Organ
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types working together to carry out a particular function.
Tissue
A mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function.
How many tissue types do we have as humans?
Four: Connective, nervious, muscle, epithelial
How many organ systems do we have as a human?
11
What is the smallest unit of an organism that carries out all the basic functions of life?
Cells
What is the study of cells and organelles?
Cytology
What are fats, proteins, and DNA examples of?
Macromolecules
What particle is composed of at least two atoms and is considered the smallest particle with unique chemical identities?
Molecules
Pathophysiology
the study of unstable conditions that result in homeostatic controls go away
The internal state of the body is known as what?
Dynamic equilibrium
What is the fundamental mechanism that keeps the variables in the body close to a set point?
Negative feedback.
Negative feedback
Process in which the body senses a change and activates a mechanism to navigate and reverse it.
Vasodilation
The widening of blood vessels.
Vasoconstriction
The narrowing of blood vessels
What are the components of a negative feedback loop?
Receptors Control center (brain)Effectors
Positive feedback
A self-amplifying cycle in which a physical change leads to a greater change in the same direction.
What is an example of positive feedback?
Childbirth
What is an example of negative feedback?
Being too hot or being too cold.
Homeostasis
Is the body’s ability to detect the change, and activate mechanisms that oppose it, thereby maintaining or returning to equilibrium.
what is the simplest form of matter to have unique properties?
Chemical Elements
Each element of the periodic table is identified by what?
Atomic number
Where are the protons and neutrons located?
The nucleus and they are the same numbers.
Where are the electrons located?
The outer rings or shells.
How many letters or used to represent an element?
One or two letters.
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of what?
Protons and neutrons.
The electrons on the outermost shell are called what?
Valence Electrons
What is the purpose of the electrons on the valence shell?
They determine the bonding properties of an atom.
All elements have varieties known as.
Isotopes
Unstable isotopes are known as?
Radioisotopes
The process of decay( breaking down) due to unstable isotopes are known as.
Radioactivity (only the neutrons will be affected)
Ions
Are particles that have an unequal number of protons and electrons (+,-). Opposites attract.
Anions
Are particles that gain electrons. giving the element a negative charge (-)
Cations
Are particles that give or donate an electron. giving that element a positive charge. (+)
The charge on an ion
Valence
What are Molecules composed of?
Atoms
What is the letter representation of Oxygen? And how much percentage does it take up in the body
(O) and 65.00%
What is the letter representation of Carbon and the percentage in the body
(C) and 18.00%
What is the letter representation of Hydrogen and percentage in the body?
(H) and 10.00%
What is the letter representation of Nitrogen and percent in the body?
(N) 3.0%
What is the letter representation of Calcium and its percentage in the body?
(Ca) and 1.5%
What is the letter representation of Phosphorus and its percentage in the body?
(P) and 1.0%
What percentage do the major elements take up in the human body?
98.5%
What is an example of physiological variations
Age, weight, diet, Physical activity
Who noted fairly constant internal conditions despite changing external conditions?
Claude Bernard (1813- 1878)
Who coined the term homeostasis?
Walter Cannon (1871-1945)
