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Bio 23 lectures > Bio 23 Section 1-2 > Flashcards

Bio 23 Section 1-2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an organism composed of?

A

Organ systems

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2
Q

What are organ systems composed of?

A

Organs

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3
Q

What are organs composed of?

A

Tissues

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4
Q

What are tissues composed of?

A

Cells

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5
Q

What are cells composed of

A

organelles

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6
Q

What are organelles composed of?

A

Macromolecules

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7
Q

What are Macromolecules composed of?

A

Molecules

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8
Q

Organism

A

is a single, complete individual

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9
Q

Organ system

A

Is a group of two or more organs with a unique collective function.

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10
Q

Organ

A

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types working together to carry out a particular function.

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11
Q

Tissue

A

A mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function.

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12
Q

How many tissue types do we have as humans?

A

Four: Connective, nervious, muscle, epithelial

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13
Q

How many organ systems do we have as a human?

A

11

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14
Q

What is the smallest unit of an organism that carries out all the basic functions of life?

A

Cells

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15
Q

What is the study of cells and organelles?

A

Cytology

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16
Q

What are fats, proteins, and DNA examples of?

A

Macromolecules

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17
Q

What particle is composed of at least two atoms and is considered the smallest particle with unique chemical identities?

A

Molecules

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18
Q

Pathophysiology

A

the study of unstable conditions that result in homeostatic controls go away

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19
Q

The internal state of the body is known as what?

A

Dynamic equilibrium

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20
Q

What is the fundamental mechanism that keeps the variables in the body close to a set point?

A

Negative feedback.

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21
Q

Negative feedback

A

Process in which the body senses a change and activates a mechanism to navigate and reverse it.

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22
Q

Vasodilation

A

The widening of blood vessels.

23
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

The narrowing of blood vessels

24
Q

What are the components of a negative feedback loop?

A

Receptors Control center (brain)Effectors

25
Q

Positive feedback

A

A self-amplifying cycle in which a physical change leads to a greater change in the same direction.

26
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

Childbirth

27
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A

Being too hot or being too cold.

28
Q

Homeostasis

A

Is the body’s ability to detect the change, and activate mechanisms that oppose it, thereby maintaining or returning to equilibrium.

29
Q

what is the simplest form of matter to have unique properties?

A

Chemical Elements

30
Q

Each element of the periodic table is identified by what?

A

Atomic number

31
Q

Where are the protons and neutrons located?

A

The nucleus and they are the same numbers.

32
Q

Where are the electrons located?

A

The outer rings or shells.

33
Q

How many letters or used to represent an element?

A

One or two letters.

34
Q

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of what?

A

Protons and neutrons.

35
Q

The electrons on the outermost shell are called what?

A

Valence Electrons

36
Q

What is the purpose of the electrons on the valence shell?

A

They determine the bonding properties of an atom.

37
Q

All elements have varieties known as.

A

Isotopes

38
Q

Unstable isotopes are known as?

A

Radioisotopes

39
Q

The process of decay( breaking down) due to unstable isotopes are known as.

A

Radioactivity (only the neutrons will be affected)

40
Q

Ions

A

Are particles that have an unequal number of protons and electrons (+,-). Opposites attract.

41
Q

Anions

A

Are particles that gain electrons. giving the element a negative charge (-)

42
Q

Cations

A

Are particles that give or donate an electron. giving that element a positive charge. (+)

43
Q

The charge on an ion

A

Valence

44
Q

What are Molecules composed of?

A

Atoms

45
Q

What is the letter representation of Oxygen? And how much percentage does it take up in the body

A

(O) and 65.00%

46
Q

What is the letter representation of Carbon and the percentage in the body

A

(C) and 18.00%

47
Q

What is the letter representation of Hydrogen and percentage in the body?

A

(H) and 10.00%

48
Q

What is the letter representation of Nitrogen and percent in the body?

A

(N) 3.0%

49
Q

What is the letter representation of Calcium and its percentage in the body?

A

(Ca) and 1.5%

50
Q

What is the letter representation of Phosphorus and its percentage in the body?

A

(P) and 1.0%

51
Q

What percentage do the major elements take up in the human body?

A

98.5%

52
Q

What is an example of physiological variations

A

Age, weight, diet, Physical activity

53
Q

Who noted fairly constant internal conditions despite changing external conditions?

A

Claude Bernard (1813- 1878)

54
Q

Who coined the term homeostasis?

A

Walter Cannon (1871-1945)

Bio 23 lectures (9 decks)

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