Bio 223A Quiz Review Flashcards
What do we call the structure that are the input part of the neuron?
Dendrite
Which division of the PNS transmits impulses to the CNS to the skeletal?
Motor or efferent
What do we call the junction from a neuron to another cell?
Synapse
What would happen if there were injury to the thalamus
Sensory overload
What is the site for processing information?
Central nervous system
Which division of the PNS conveys action potentials to the nervous system?
Sensory/Afferent
What type of conduction does an action potentially travel from one node of the Ranvier of nodes to another.
Saltatory condition
What is the thickest of the meninges?
Dura mater
Your patient has an eating disorder with varying body
temperature, what part of the brain has dysfunction?
Hypothalamus
How many cranial and spinal?
12-31
What are the gaps in myelination cord?
Nodes of ranvier
When your patient has MS, which cells are the cells being damaged?
Oligodendrocytes
What comprised the CNS?
Brain spine
Hydrocephaly is where CSF accumulates around the
brain, which cells are responsible for this in the
subarachnoid space?
Ependymal cells
Your patient is being treated for a neuro condition
which requires a specific drug targeting neurons in the
brain, which cell must be bypassed?
Astrocytes
What do we call a neuron that has a single axon and
dendrite?
Bipolar neuron
What does the cerebral aqueduct connect to?
The third and fourth ventricles
Your patient exhibited the following disturbed fine motor function, tremors, which part of the brain is damaged?
Cerebellum
The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching structure
Arbor vitae
Which portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?
Medulla Oblongata
How many cervical spinal nerves are there?
8
Where does the spinal cord begin at?
Foramen magnum
What protects neurons from toxic substances in blood?
Blood Brain Barrier
Which structures have a distal portion that runs through the presynaptic terminals?
Axon
What forms the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve
What structure surrounds the individual axons in the
Schwann cells?
Endoneurium
If you do a cross section of the spinal cord, where
would the gray and white matter be?
White matter in the outside and grey on the inside
What do we find on the anterior horn of the spinal cord?
Motor
When we do a spinal tap, CSF is abstained from which location?
Subarachnoid space
What space is found between the vertebral wall and dura space?
Epidural
At what level does the spinal cord end?
1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
What happens if Broca’s area is damaged?
Expressive aphasia; distorted speech
Amputees perceive pain in the amputated structure?
Phantom Limb
The middle spider-like layer is called?
Arachnoid mater
Which structures on the surface of the cortex increase its surface area?
Gyri
What do we call the cone-like structure at the distal end of the spinal cord?
Conus medullaris
What Is the part of the brain that connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain?
Pons
Neurotransmitters are released from what part of the
axon?
Presynaptic terminal
What part of the brain serves as the major ANS and
endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
If five action potentials reach fire off one after the
other, then what is it called?
Temporal summation
Which inhibitory potential hyperpolarizes?
IPSP
What do we call the neuron within the CNS that
carries action potentials to one neuron to the other?
Interneuron/ association neuron
Your patient is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. What will happen if it goes untreated?
Pressure in the brain!
What happens to the inside of the neuron if sodium ions enter in terms of its charge?
Becomes more positive, less negative.
During which period is the cell insensitive to further stimulation?
Absolute Refractory period
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when the transmission happens in what way?
Saltatory conduction; myelinated and thicker diameter
Which type of neuroglial cell provides support and nutrition in the PNS?
Satellite cells
Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in which part of the neuron?
Presynaptic terminal
What is the function of acetylcholinesterase ?
Breaks down ACh
Rapid removal of destruction of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?
Synaptic termination; stimulation stops
The RMP is -70 mv, what happens if the membrane potential moves to -85 mv?
Hyperpolarization
White matter is composed of what?
Bundles of myelinated axons
What happens when a local potential reaches a threshold?
Sodium channel opens, action potential is conducted.
If your patient has the flu and the membrane permeability increases to potassium, what would the cell do?
Hyperpolarize
Cerebral spinal fluid is formed by tissues in forms of
which structures?
Ventricles
What do we call the large C shape matter that
connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus
Callosum
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal,
parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
The gray matter of the outer surface of the brain is called
Cortex
You have a young patient with lack of normal reproduction, can’t intake water, can’t eliminate water from its body, what is damaged?
Hypothalamus
Most sensory input that ascends from the spinal cord to the brain goes to what part of the brain?
Thalamus
What is the stock that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
Which portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata
The thermostat or nucleus that controls temperature is where?
Hypothalamus
When does EPSP happen?
Local depolarization
What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitters?
Calcium
