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Bio 223A > Bio 223A Quiz Review > Flashcards

Bio 223A Quiz Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do we call the structure that are the input part of the neuron?

A

Dendrite

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2
Q

Which division of the PNS transmits impulses to the CNS to the skeletal?

A

Motor or efferent

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3
Q

What do we call the junction from a neuron to another cell?

A

Synapse

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4
Q

What would happen if there were injury to the thalamus

A

Sensory overload

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5
Q

What is the site for processing information?

A

Central nervous system

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6
Q

Which division of the PNS conveys action potentials to the nervous system?

A

Sensory/Afferent

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7
Q

What type of conduction does an action potentially travel from one node of the Ranvier of nodes to another.

A

Saltatory condition

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8
Q

What is the thickest of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

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9
Q

Your patient has an eating disorder with varying body
temperature, what part of the brain has dysfunction?

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

How many cranial and spinal?

A

12-31

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11
Q

What are the gaps in myelination cord?

A

Nodes of ranvier

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12
Q

When your patient has MS, which cells are the cells being damaged?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

What comprised the CNS?

A

Brain spine

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14
Q

Hydrocephaly is where CSF accumulates around the
brain, which cells are responsible for this in the
subarachnoid space?

A

Ependymal cells

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15
Q

Your patient is being treated for a neuro condition
which requires a specific drug targeting neurons in the
brain, which cell must be bypassed?

A

Astrocytes

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16
Q

What do we call a neuron that has a single axon and
dendrite?

A

Bipolar neuron

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17
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect to?

A

The third and fourth ventricles

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18
Q

Your patient exhibited the following disturbed fine motor function, tremors, which part of the brain is damaged?

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching structure

A

Arbor vitae

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20
Q

Which portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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21
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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22
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin at?

A

Foramen magnum

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23
Q

What protects neurons from toxic substances in blood?

A

Blood Brain Barrier

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24
Q

Which structures have a distal portion that runs through the presynaptic terminals?

A

Axon

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25
Q

What forms the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

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26
Q

What structure surrounds the individual axons in the
Schwann cells?

A

Endoneurium

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27
Q

If you do a cross section of the spinal cord, where
would the gray and white matter be?

A

White matter in the outside and grey on the inside

28
Q

What do we find on the anterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

Motor

29
Q

When we do a spinal tap, CSF is abstained from which location?

A

Subarachnoid space

30
Q

What space is found between the vertebral wall and dura space?

A

Epidural

31
Q

At what level does the spinal cord end?

A

1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae

32
Q

What happens if Broca’s area is damaged?

A

Expressive aphasia; distorted speech

33
Q

Amputees perceive pain in the amputated structure?

A

Phantom Limb

34
Q

The middle spider-like layer is called?

A

Arachnoid mater

35
Q

Which structures on the surface of the cortex increase its surface area?

A

Gyri

36
Q

What do we call the cone-like structure at the distal end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris

37
Q

What Is the part of the brain that connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain?

A

Pons

38
Q

Neurotransmitters are released from what part of the
axon?

A

Presynaptic terminal

39
Q

What part of the brain serves as the major ANS and
endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

40
Q

If five action potentials reach fire off one after the
other, then what is it called?

A

Temporal summation

41
Q

Which inhibitory potential hyperpolarizes?

A

IPSP

42
Q

What do we call the neuron within the CNS that
carries action potentials to one neuron to the other?

A

Interneuron/ association neuron

43
Q

Your patient is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. What will happen if it goes untreated?

A

Pressure in the brain!

44
Q

What happens to the inside of the neuron if sodium ions enter in terms of its charge?

A

Becomes more positive, less negative.

45
Q

During which period is the cell insensitive to further stimulation?

A

Absolute Refractory period

46
Q

Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when the transmission happens in what way?

A

Saltatory conduction; myelinated and thicker diameter

47
Q

Which type of neuroglial cell provides support and nutrition in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells

48
Q

Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in which part of the neuron?

A

Presynaptic terminal

49
Q

What is the function of acetylcholinesterase ?

A

Breaks down ACh

50
Q

Rapid removal of destruction of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?

A

Synaptic termination; stimulation stops

51
Q

The RMP is -70 mv, what happens if the membrane potential moves to -85 mv?

A

Hyperpolarization

52
Q

White matter is composed of what?

A

Bundles of myelinated axons

53
Q

What happens when a local potential reaches a threshold?

A

Sodium channel opens, action potential is conducted.

54
Q

If your patient has the flu and the membrane permeability increases to potassium, what would the cell do?

A

Hyperpolarize

55
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid is formed by tissues in forms of
which structures?

A

Ventricles

56
Q

What do we call the large C shape matter that
connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus
Callosum

57
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal,
parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

58
Q

The gray matter of the outer surface of the brain is called

A

Cortex

59
Q

You have a young patient with lack of normal reproduction, can’t intake water, can’t eliminate water from its body, what is damaged?

A

Hypothalamus

60
Q

Most sensory input that ascends from the spinal cord to the brain goes to what part of the brain?

A

Thalamus

61
Q

What is the stock that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

A

Infundibulum

62
Q

Which portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

63
Q

The thermostat or nucleus that controls temperature is where?

A

Hypothalamus

64
Q

When does EPSP happen?

A

Local depolarization

65
Q

What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitters?

A

Calcium

Bio 223A (15 decks)

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