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Bio 223A > Bio 223A Quiz Review > Flashcards

Bio 223A Quiz Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do we call the structure that are the input part of the neuron?

A

Dendrite

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2
Q

Which division of the PNS transmits impulses to the CNS to the skeletal?

A

Motor or efferent

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3
Q

What do we call the junction from a neuron to another cell?

A

Synapse

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4
Q

What would happen if there were injury to the thalamus

A

Sensory overload

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5
Q

What is the site for processing information?

A

Central nervous system

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6
Q

Which division of the PNS conveys action potentials to the nervous system?

A

Sensory/Afferent

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7
Q

What type of conduction does an action potentially travel from one node of the Ranvier of nodes to another.

A

Saltatory condition

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8
Q

What is the thickest of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

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9
Q

Your patient has an eating disorder with varying body
temperature, what part of the brain has dysfunction?

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

How many cranial and spinal?

A

12-31

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11
Q

What are the gaps in myelination cord?

A

Nodes of ranvier

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12
Q

When your patient has MS, which cells are the cells being damaged?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

What comprised the CNS?

A

Brain spine

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14
Q

Hydrocephaly is where CSF accumulates around the
brain, which cells are responsible for this in the
subarachnoid space?

A

Ependymal cells

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15
Q

Your patient is being treated for a neuro condition
which requires a specific drug targeting neurons in the
brain, which cell must be bypassed?

A

Astrocytes

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16
Q

What do we call a neuron that has a single axon and
dendrite?

A

Bipolar neuron

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17
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct connect to?

A

The third and fourth ventricles

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18
Q

Your patient exhibited the following disturbed fine motor function, tremors, which part of the brain is damaged?

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching structure

A

Arbor vitae

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20
Q

Which portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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21
Q

How many cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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22
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin at?

A

Foramen magnum

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23
Q

What protects neurons from toxic substances in blood?

A

Blood Brain Barrier

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24
Q

Which structures have a distal portion that runs through the presynaptic terminals?

A

Axon

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25
What forms the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve
26
What structure surrounds the individual axons in the Schwann cells?
Endoneurium
27
If you do a cross section of the spinal cord, where would the gray and white matter be?
White matter in the outside and grey on the inside
28
What do we find on the anterior horn of the spinal cord?
Motor
29
When we do a spinal tap, CSF is abstained from which location?
Subarachnoid space
30
What space is found between the vertebral wall and dura space?
Epidural
31
At what level does the spinal cord end?
1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
32
What happens if Broca’s area is damaged?
Expressive aphasia; distorted speech
33
Amputees perceive pain in the amputated structure?
Phantom Limb
34
The middle spider-like layer is called?
Arachnoid mater
35
Which structures on the surface of the cortex increase its surface area?
Gyri
36
What do we call the cone-like structure at the distal end of the spinal cord?
Conus medullaris
37
What Is the part of the brain that connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain?
Pons
38
Neurotransmitters are released from what part of the axon?
Presynaptic terminal
39
What part of the brain serves as the major ANS and endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
40
If five action potentials reach fire off one after the other, then what is it called?
Temporal summation
41
Which inhibitory potential hyperpolarizes?
IPSP
42
What do we call the neuron within the CNS that carries action potentials to one neuron to the other?
Interneuron/ association neuron
43
Your patient is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. What will happen if it goes untreated?
Pressure in the brain!
44
What happens to the inside of the neuron if sodium ions enter in terms of its charge?
Becomes more positive, less negative.
45
During which period is the cell insensitive to further stimulation?
Absolute Refractory period
46
Action potentials are conducted more rapidly when the transmission happens in what way?
Saltatory conduction; myelinated and thicker diameter
47
Which type of neuroglial cell provides support and nutrition in the PNS?
Satellite cells
48
Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in which part of the neuron?
Presynaptic terminal
49
What is the function of acetylcholinesterase ?
Breaks down ACh
50
Rapid removal of destruction of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?
Synaptic termination; stimulation stops
51
The RMP is -70 mv, what happens if the membrane potential moves to -85 mv?
Hyperpolarization
52
White matter is composed of what?
Bundles of myelinated axons
53
What happens when a local potential reaches a threshold?
Sodium channel opens, action potential is conducted.
54
If your patient has the flu and the membrane permeability increases to potassium, what would the cell do?
Hyperpolarize
55
Cerebral spinal fluid is formed by tissues in forms of which structures?
Ventricles
56
What do we call the large C shape matter that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
57
What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
58
The gray matter of the outer surface of the brain is called
Cortex
59
You have a young patient with lack of normal reproduction, can't intake water, can't eliminate water from its body, what is damaged?
Hypothalamus
60
Most sensory input that ascends from the spinal cord to the brain goes to what part of the brain?
Thalamus
61
What is the stock that connects the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?
Infundibulum
62
Which portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?
Medulla oblongata
63
The thermostat or nucleus that controls temperature is where?
Hypothalamus
64
When does EPSP happen?
Local depolarization
65
What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitters?
Calcium

Bio 223A (15 decks)

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