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Bio 223A > Bio 223A FINAL EXAM > Flashcards

Bio 223A FINAL EXAM Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the abdominal muscle that has the origin at the pubis symphysis?

A

rectus Abdominis

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2
Q

What is the distribution of spinal nerve pairs?

A

cervical 8, thoracic 12, lumbar 5 and coccygeal 1

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3
Q

Which muscle causes wrinkles around the eye?

A

Orbicualris oculi

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4
Q

Which type of contraction in the muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant?

A

Isometric contraction

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5
Q

What do we call the time in which the tissue can not repsond again?

A

Refractory period

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6
Q

In what type of contraction is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions?

A

Incomplete Tetanus

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7
Q

What would happen if there is a lack of ACh in the synaptic cleft?

A

Continuous muscle contraction

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8
Q

When ACh binds to a membrane-bound receptor and causes ligand channels to open, what does that result in?

A

Depolarization

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9
Q

You have an 80-year-old patient that has a bent-over stance that has a humpback and osteoporosis, what is this patient inflicted with?

A

Kyphosis

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10
Q

What skin color is the result of?

A

Quantity of melanin

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11
Q

If a toxic drug inhibited mRNA synthesis, what would be directly affected?

A

Protein synthesis

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12
Q

What term do we use if there is a bulk intake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation?

A

Endocytosis

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13
Q

If there is damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, what would be affected?

A

Loss of balance

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14
Q

What is the contractile structure that surrounds the pupil?

A

iris

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15
Q

What do we call the transparent anterior portion of the sclera?

A

Cornea

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16
Q

If your patient presents with hesitant and distorted speech what is damaged?

A

Brocas area

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17
Q

Which area of the cortex is necessary for understanding and formulating speech?

A

Wernicke area

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18
Q

What do we call the sensory structures that detect taste?

A

Taste budsT

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19
Q

he branch of which nerves are anesthhetized before childbirth with the spine?

A

Pudendal nerve

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20
Q

What structure provides a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction?

A

Bursa

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21
Q

Your patient has been diagnosed with a tumor that is on the gland that sits on the sella turcica, what gland is this?

A

Pituitary gland

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22
Q

What are the basic units in compact bone tissue?

A

Haversian canal or osetons

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23
Q

What type of bone tissue contains interconnecting plates called trabecuale?

A

Spongy bones

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24
Q

What is the disease in children that is characterized by soft bone?

A

Rickets

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25
Q

What factor can increase the rate of diffusion?

A

Temperature

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26
Q

What structure equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the inner ear?

A

Eustachian/auditory tube

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27
Q

What do we call the ringing in the ear?

A

Tinnitus

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28
Q

What problems does my patient have if they have damage to the vestibulocholear nerve?

A

lack of balance and hearing

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29
Q

In which layer of the eye do we find rids and cones?

A

retina

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30
Q

What is the area of greatest visual acuity?

A

Macula lutea and fovea centralis

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31
Q

What should happen for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons?

A

Disslove in the olfactory epithelium

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32
Q

What would happen if the phrenic nerve?

A

Death

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33
Q

Which muscle accounts for a sprinter’s stance?

A

Gluteus maximus

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34
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexes the wrist and thumb

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35
Q

If you have increased motility of the digestive tract, which nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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36
Q

The name of the muscle brachioradialis is named for what?

A

origin and insertion

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37
Q

What term do we use for the constant tension produced by my muscles for a long period of time?

A

Muscle tone

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38
Q

In a muscle contraction when you have cross bridges that form, what results when a person dies?

A

Rigor mortis

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39
Q

If you’re puckering your mouth to kiss, what muscle?

A

orbicualris oris

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40
Q

What is caused by wear and tear of the joints?

A

Osteoarthritis

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41
Q

What is the metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in the blood?

A

Gout

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42
Q

Which muscle of the head wraps around the orbits?

A

orbicualris oculi

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43
Q

What do we call the site where the chemical substance is transferred from the presynaptic to the post-synaptic terminal of a muscle fiber?

A

neuromuscular junction

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44
Q

What is the bone fracture generally found in children?

A

greenstick fracture

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45
Q

Cyanide stops the production of ATP, what cellular process would be affected?

A

Active transport

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46
Q

Auditory transmission is produced by which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Cochlear branch

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47
Q

What bones transmit vibrations to the inner ear?

A

Ossicles, Malleus, stapes, and incus

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48
Q

Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

49
Q

What do we call the age association in which someone loses sight?

A

Presbyopia

50
Q

What results in the inhibition of circulation of aqueous humor?

A

Glaucoma

51
Q

Which cells are responsible for the color of vision?

A

Cones

52
Q

Why is it relatively easy to transplant the cornea?

A

Avascular/easy access

53
Q

What is pink eye inflammation of?

A

Conjunctiva

54
Q

What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball?

A

Sclera

55
Q

Why does a person’s nose run when they cry?

A

Tears leak into the Nasolacrimal duct

56
Q

What reflects and keeps the eye moist?

A

Blink reflex

57
Q

You are taking care of a patient with symptoms of no balance with walking, and decreased tone in muscles, what is the probable condition?

A

Damage to the cerebellum

58
Q

You have a veteran who has an amputee and has pain in the area, what type of pain is that?

A

Phantom pain

59
Q

You’re celebrating your bday and tasting the sweet frosting, what CN?

A

CN7 facial

60
Q

You have a young patient with bad growth, inability to regulate water intake, and uncontrolled food intake. What is affected?

A

Hypothalamus

61
Q

What is the white matter that forms a white branch-like structure?

A

Arbor vitae

62
Q

What portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?

A

medulla oblongata

63
Q

The perception of the position of the movement of the body?

A

Proprioception

64
Q

Your patient has an injury to the wrist that has an edema in the carpal tunnel, which nerve?

A

Medial nerve

65
Q

What is the simplest reflex?

A

Stretch reflex

66
Q

What is the thickest of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

67
Q

Digestion of food is regulated by which division of NS?

A

Parasympathetic NS

68
Q

How many pairs of cranial and spinal?

A

12;31

69
Q

What system maintains homeostasis, transmits info through action potentials, and accesses information?

A

nervous system

70
Q

When an action potential is produced from one node to another, what type of conduction?

A

Saltatory conduction

71
Q

What do we call the group of muscles on the anterior thigh?

A

Quadricep femoris

72
Q

The bulge of the calf caused by ?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

73
Q

The bicep femoris is a part of which group of muscles?

A

Hamstrings

74
Q

What is the common site for injections?

A

Gluteus medius

75
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis

76
Q

If your patient comes in with a well-developed mentalis muscle, what do they have?

A

Dimpled chin

77
Q

Muscles that have their muscle fibers that are feather-like are?

A

Pennate

78
Q

Which type of muscle tissue has spindle-shaped cells?

A

Smooth muscle

79
Q

What type of joint is most moveable?

A

Ball ad socket

80
Q

Which portion of the coccygeal bone sit on?

A

Ischial tuberosity

81
Q

What do we call the point of the elbow?

A

olecranon process

82
Q

Which condition do we have failure of vertebral lamellae to fuse?

A

Spina Bifida

83
Q

What do we call the failure of the palatine process of the maxilla?

A

Cleft palate

84
Q

What structure keeps the head erect?

A

Ligamentum Nuchae

85
Q

Which suture is located between the two parietal bones?

A

Sagittal suture

86
Q

How is the amount of body area involved with the burn determined?

A

Rules of nine

87
Q

What do we call the spaces between the skull bones that have not fused?

A

Fontanels

88
Q

What term do we use when someone appears to be blue due to lack of oxygen?

A

Cyanosis

89
Q

Which vitamin begins synthesis due to sunlight exposure?

A

Vitamin D

90
Q

What condition involves the development of white patches caused by lots of melanocytes?

A

Vitiligo

91
Q

What is the difference between the concentration of melanocytes in light and dark skin?

A

stays the same

92
Q

Which layer of skin is found only in thick skin?

A

Stratum lucidum

93
Q

What do we call accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces?

A

Edema

94
Q

Why do suture a large wound?

A

prevent infraction and better healing

95
Q

What type of connective tissues is found between the vertebrae?

A

Fibrocartilage

96
Q

What type of tissues is found in lymphatic tissues?

A

reticular tissue

97
Q

What is the difference between the exocrine gland and the endocrine gland

A

No ducts in exocrine glands

98
Q

What would be a good example of a gap junction?

A

Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle

99
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified

100
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

101
Q

What’s the relationship between blood supply and simple squamous epithelial?

A

No blood supply.

102
Q

What do we call the removal of a tissue sample surgically of a patient to diagnose?

A

Biopsy

103
Q

If you compare a cell with a manufactured plant that exports, what structure of the cell is considered the shipping part?

A

Golgi apparatus

104
Q

Your patient was involved in a car accident, in which they were rear ended, the hyperextension of the head caused what kind of injury?

A

whiplash

105
Q

If your patient was a runner who produced hypotonic sweat running a marathon in hot weather, he drank large columns of water, as a result of the water intake, what would happen to their cells?

A

the cell will swell and burst

106
Q

What do we call the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

A

osmosis

107
Q

Normal saline consists of 0.9% sodium chloride. If you give your patient 0.5% saline solution, what is it compared to the patient’s cells?

A

Hypotonic

108
Q

You smell the aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen, the distribution of the aroma around the house is an example of what?

A

Diffusion

109
Q

If you have your patient lying face down, what is the position?

A

Prone position

110
Q

What do we call inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver?

A

Peritonitis

111
Q

What region is in the hollow behind the knee?

A

Popliteal region

112
Q

What region is the area in front of the elbow?

A

Antecubital region

113
Q

What system carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

A

Cardiovascular system

114
Q

What concept would cover it if your patient has elevated glucose levels that causes insulin levels to increase?

A

Homeostasis

115
Q

You have a scientist that conducts an experiment to determine the change of PH on the effect of digestion, what would the profession be?

A

Physiologist

116
Q

Which subdivision of anatomy determines how the systems correlate with one another?

A

Systemic anatomy

117
Q

Which type of anatomy does the study of the external form of the body and the relationship to the deeper structures?

A

Surface anatomy

118
Q

What do we call an anatomical image created by sound waves?

A

Sonogram

119
Q

What do we call all the chemical reactions in the cell?

A

Metabolism

Bio 223A (15 decks)

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