Bio 223A FINAL EXAM Flashcards
What is the abdominal muscle that has the origin at the pubis symphysis?
rectus Abdominis
What is the distribution of spinal nerve pairs?
cervical 8, thoracic 12, lumbar 5 and coccygeal 1
Which muscle causes wrinkles around the eye?
Orbicualris oculi
Which type of contraction in the muscle produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant?
Isometric contraction
What do we call the time in which the tissue can not repsond again?
Refractory period
In what type of contraction is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions?
Incomplete Tetanus
What would happen if there is a lack of ACh in the synaptic cleft?
Continuous muscle contraction
When ACh binds to a membrane-bound receptor and causes ligand channels to open, what does that result in?
Depolarization
You have an 80-year-old patient that has a bent-over stance that has a humpback and osteoporosis, what is this patient inflicted with?
Kyphosis
What skin color is the result of?
Quantity of melanin
If a toxic drug inhibited mRNA synthesis, what would be directly affected?
Protein synthesis
What term do we use if there is a bulk intake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation?
Endocytosis
If there is damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve, what would be affected?
Loss of balance
What is the contractile structure that surrounds the pupil?
iris
What do we call the transparent anterior portion of the sclera?
Cornea
If your patient presents with hesitant and distorted speech what is damaged?
Brocas area
Which area of the cortex is necessary for understanding and formulating speech?
Wernicke area
What do we call the sensory structures that detect taste?
Taste budsT
he branch of which nerves are anesthhetized before childbirth with the spine?
Pudendal nerve
What structure provides a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction?
Bursa
Your patient has been diagnosed with a tumor that is on the gland that sits on the sella turcica, what gland is this?
Pituitary gland
What are the basic units in compact bone tissue?
Haversian canal or osetons
What type of bone tissue contains interconnecting plates called trabecuale?
Spongy bones
What is the disease in children that is characterized by soft bone?
Rickets
What factor can increase the rate of diffusion?
Temperature
What structure equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and the inner ear?
Eustachian/auditory tube
What do we call the ringing in the ear?
Tinnitus
What problems does my patient have if they have damage to the vestibulocholear nerve?
lack of balance and hearing
In which layer of the eye do we find rids and cones?
retina
What is the area of greatest visual acuity?
Macula lutea and fovea centralis
What should happen for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons?
Disslove in the olfactory epithelium
What would happen if the phrenic nerve?
Death
Which muscle accounts for a sprinter’s stance?
Gluteus maximus
What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?
Flexes the wrist and thumb
If you have increased motility of the digestive tract, which nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
The name of the muscle brachioradialis is named for what?
origin and insertion
What term do we use for the constant tension produced by my muscles for a long period of time?
Muscle tone
In a muscle contraction when you have cross bridges that form, what results when a person dies?
Rigor mortis
If you’re puckering your mouth to kiss, what muscle?
orbicualris oris
What is caused by wear and tear of the joints?
Osteoarthritis
What is the metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in the blood?
Gout
Which muscle of the head wraps around the orbits?
orbicualris oculi
What do we call the site where the chemical substance is transferred from the presynaptic to the post-synaptic terminal of a muscle fiber?
neuromuscular junction
What is the bone fracture generally found in children?
greenstick fracture
Cyanide stops the production of ATP, what cellular process would be affected?
Active transport
Auditory transmission is produced by which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Cochlear branch
What bones transmit vibrations to the inner ear?
Ossicles, Malleus, stapes, and incus
Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
What do we call the age association in which someone loses sight?
Presbyopia
What results in the inhibition of circulation of aqueous humor?
Glaucoma
Which cells are responsible for the color of vision?
Cones
Why is it relatively easy to transplant the cornea?
Avascular/easy access
What is pink eye inflammation of?
Conjunctiva
What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball?
Sclera
Why does a person’s nose run when they cry?
Tears leak into the Nasolacrimal duct
What reflects and keeps the eye moist?
Blink reflex
You are taking care of a patient with symptoms of no balance with walking, and decreased tone in muscles, what is the probable condition?
Damage to the cerebellum
You have a veteran who has an amputee and has pain in the area, what type of pain is that?
Phantom pain
You’re celebrating your bday and tasting the sweet frosting, what CN?
CN7 facial
You have a young patient with bad growth, inability to regulate water intake, and uncontrolled food intake. What is affected?
Hypothalamus
What is the white matter that forms a white branch-like structure?
Arbor vitae
What portion of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?
medulla oblongata
The perception of the position of the movement of the body?
Proprioception
Your patient has an injury to the wrist that has an edema in the carpal tunnel, which nerve?
Medial nerve
What is the simplest reflex?
Stretch reflex
What is the thickest of the meninges?
Dura mater
Digestion of food is regulated by which division of NS?
Parasympathetic NS
How many pairs of cranial and spinal?
12;31
What system maintains homeostasis, transmits info through action potentials, and accesses information?
nervous system
When an action potential is produced from one node to another, what type of conduction?
Saltatory conduction
What do we call the group of muscles on the anterior thigh?
Quadricep femoris
The bulge of the calf caused by ?
gastrocnemius and soleus
The bicep femoris is a part of which group of muscles?
Hamstrings
What is the common site for injections?
Gluteus medius
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
Teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis
If your patient comes in with a well-developed mentalis muscle, what do they have?
Dimpled chin
Muscles that have their muscle fibers that are feather-like are?
Pennate
Which type of muscle tissue has spindle-shaped cells?
Smooth muscle
What type of joint is most moveable?
Ball ad socket
Which portion of the coccygeal bone sit on?
Ischial tuberosity
What do we call the point of the elbow?
olecranon process
Which condition do we have failure of vertebral lamellae to fuse?
Spina Bifida
What do we call the failure of the palatine process of the maxilla?
Cleft palate
What structure keeps the head erect?
Ligamentum Nuchae
Which suture is located between the two parietal bones?
Sagittal suture
How is the amount of body area involved with the burn determined?
Rules of nine
What do we call the spaces between the skull bones that have not fused?
Fontanels
What term do we use when someone appears to be blue due to lack of oxygen?
Cyanosis
Which vitamin begins synthesis due to sunlight exposure?
Vitamin D
What condition involves the development of white patches caused by lots of melanocytes?
Vitiligo
What is the difference between the concentration of melanocytes in light and dark skin?
stays the same
Which layer of skin is found only in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
What do we call accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces?
Edema
Why do suture a large wound?
prevent infraction and better healing
What type of connective tissues is found between the vertebrae?
Fibrocartilage
What type of tissues is found in lymphatic tissues?
reticular tissue
What is the difference between the exocrine gland and the endocrine gland
No ducts in exocrine glands
What would be a good example of a gap junction?
Intercalated discs in cardiac muscle
What type of epithelial tissue is found lining the trachea?
Ciliated pseudostratified
What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What’s the relationship between blood supply and simple squamous epithelial?
No blood supply.
What do we call the removal of a tissue sample surgically of a patient to diagnose?
Biopsy
If you compare a cell with a manufactured plant that exports, what structure of the cell is considered the shipping part?
Golgi apparatus
Your patient was involved in a car accident, in which they were rear ended, the hyperextension of the head caused what kind of injury?
whiplash
If your patient was a runner who produced hypotonic sweat running a marathon in hot weather, he drank large columns of water, as a result of the water intake, what would happen to their cells?
the cell will swell and burst
What do we call the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
osmosis
Normal saline consists of 0.9% sodium chloride. If you give your patient 0.5% saline solution, what is it compared to the patient’s cells?
Hypotonic
You smell the aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen, the distribution of the aroma around the house is an example of what?
Diffusion
If you have your patient lying face down, what is the position?
Prone position
What do we call inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver?
Peritonitis
What region is in the hollow behind the knee?
Popliteal region
What region is the area in front of the elbow?
Antecubital region
What system carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?
Cardiovascular system
What concept would cover it if your patient has elevated glucose levels that causes insulin levels to increase?
Homeostasis
You have a scientist that conducts an experiment to determine the change of PH on the effect of digestion, what would the profession be?
Physiologist
Which subdivision of anatomy determines how the systems correlate with one another?
Systemic anatomy
Which type of anatomy does the study of the external form of the body and the relationship to the deeper structures?
Surface anatomy
What do we call an anatomical image created by sound waves?
Sonogram
What do we call all the chemical reactions in the cell?
Metabolism
