Bio 108 - Lecture 8

Question 1

What is Mutualism?

Answer 1

When both parties benefit from what is taking place

Question 2

What is competition?

Answer 2

When both parties do not benefit.

Question 3

What is predation?

Answer 3

When one benefits and the other one dies

Question 4

What is Parasitism?

Answer 4

When one benefits and one is harmed

Question 5

What is Commensalism?

Answer 5

One benefits, and one is not effected

Question 6

What is Amensalism?

Answer 6

One loses, one neither gains or loses

Question 7

What is a symbiotic relationship? And what does syn=?

Answer 7

When members of two species live in close, often obligatory, contact with each other. Syn = Together

Question 8

What is endosymbiosis? What does endo=?

Answer 8

If one species lives inside another. Endo = within

Question 9

Two ways Eukaryotic cells differ from Prokaryotic

Answer 9

Eukaryotes have DNA in linear Chromosome

Have membrane bound organelles

Question 10

How did Eukaryotes get a mitochondria?

Answer 10

Took on an aerobic heterotrophic prokaryote

Question 11

Three pieces of Evidence for Endosymbiosis in the origin of Eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

1) The mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA
2) This DNA is circular, like prokaryotic DNA
3) Plastids have 2 or more cell membrane layers

Question 12

3 Stages of Diversity for Eukaryotes

Answer 12

1) Metabolic Diversification
2) Greater structural diversity
3) Multicellular Bodies

Question 13

Mitosis vs Meiosis

Answer 13

Mitosis - creates two 2n cells

Meiosis - creates 4 1n (gametes) cells

Question 14

What is syngamy?

Answer 14

When two 1n gametes fuse to form a zygote

Question 15

What is sex?

Answer 15

When two parents produce offspring with novel combinations of genes from both parents
- Requires meiosis and fusion of haploid nuclei

Question 16

What is a protist?

Answer 16

Mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

Question 17

What is Mixotrophic?

Answer 17

Photoautotrophic and heterotrophic

Question 18

What are the 6 groups of protists?

Answer 18

1) Primitive
2) Diplomonads
3) Apicomplexans
4) Ciliates
5) Unikonts
6) Algae

Question 19

Primitive Protists - Key features

Answer 19

Lack mitochondria, but mitochondrial genes are present. Mitosomes are also present.

Question 20

What are Mitosomes?

Answer 20

Mitochondiral remnants

Question 21

Diplomonads - Key features and example

Answer 21

Two separate nuclei. Giardia Duodenalis - beaver fever

- Also has mitosomes

Question 22

Aplicomplexans - Key features + Example

Answer 22

Nearly all are parasites of animals, complex organelles for penetrating host cell. Requires 2 or most host species.
Example: Plasmodium, causes malaria

Question 23

Ciliates - Key Features + Example

Answer 23

Very large and diverse group, named for the presence of cilia. usually reproduce asexually but can do conjugation sometimes

• Feed on bacteria by phagocytosis
• Paramecium is example

Question 24

Phagocytosis, Phagos =

Cyto =

Answer 24

When a cell devours a whole other cell.
Phagos = to eat
Cyto = cell

Question 25

Unikonts - Key Features + Examples

Answer 25

Includes amoebas

Question 26

Plasmodial Slime molds vs Cellular Slime Molds

Answer 26

Plasmodial - start out with single nucleus but then undergo repeated mitosis without cell division, becomes mass of free flowing nuclei

Cellular - Start out as separate single celled, and if food becomes scare adjacent cells get together but maintin cell membranes separate

Question 27

Algae + Key Features + Examples

Answer 27

• Photoautotrophs not member of kingdom plantar
• Some are single celled like Diatoms
• Some are multicellular like brown algae
• Live cycle involves alternation of generations

Question 28

Green Algae + Key features

Answer 28

• Green pigments in cholorplasts
• big and small
• divided into two groups, chlorophytes and charophytes
• Charohpytes are mutlicellular and complex
  Live with fungi to form lichen