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Biology 108 > Bio 108 - Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Bio 108 - Lecture 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Clade Bilateria

A
  • Most animals belong to bilateral
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Triploblastic
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2
Q

Cephalization

A

Differentiation of a head region

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3
Q

Phylum Acoela

A
  • Mostly marine worms
  • Part of flatworm phylum
  • No body cavity
  • No brain
  • Basal to rest of bilateria
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4
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Platy =
Helminth =

A
  • Acoelomate, flat, minimal cephalization
  • Flat worms
  • No circulatory system or digestive system
    = Flat
    = Worm
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5
Q

Lophotrochozoa

A
  • Split in protostomia
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6
Q

Two class of Platyhelminthes

A

1) Class Tubellaria

2) Class Cestoidea

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7
Q

Class Turbelaria Characteristics

A
  • Flatworms
  • Covered in cilia
  • Have ventral nerve cords
  • Brain
  • Eject food through mouth (no anus)
  • Most predatory
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8
Q

Class Cestoidea Characteristics

A
  • Tapeworms
  • Entirely endoparasitic
  • Lack digestive system
  • Scolex
  • Proglottids used for reproduction
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9
Q

Scolex

A

Modified front end of Cestoidea for holding on to hosts gut

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10
Q

Cestoidea Life Cycle

A
  • Eggs eaten by intermediate host
  • Egg develops into larvae that encyst in tissues of intermediate host
  • Intermediate host eaten by final host
  • Larvae develops into tapeworm of final host
  • Reproduce sexually in definitive host
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11
Q

Dog tapeworms

A

Echinococcus

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12
Q

Phylum Brachipoda

Branch =

A
  • Lamp shells
  • One of four lophophore-bearing phyla
  • Suspension feeding using paired lophophores
  • Deep waters
    = arm
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13
Q

6 Lophophore Phylas

A

1) Platyhelmenthes
2) Rotifera
3) Ectoprocta
4) Branchiopoda
5) Mollusca
6) Annelidia

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14
Q

Phylum Ectoprocta
Ecto=
Proct =

A
  • U shaped gut, anal opening on outside of lophophore
  • All colonial
  • Differentiated species
  • Some colonies can move
    = outside
    = anus
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15
Q

Phylum Annelida

Annulus =

A
  • Segmented Worms
  • 3 Classes, most belong to class Polychaeta
  • Separated by internal septa
  • Eucoelomate
  • Closed circulatory system
    = ring
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16
Q

Three Classes of Annelida

A

1) Class Polychaeta
2) Class Oligochaeta
3) Class Hirudinea

17
Q

Class Polychaeta
Poly=
Chaeta =

A
  • All marine
  • Fleshy lobes that beat chaetae
  • Head and parapodia more developed in moving species
  • Errant polychaetes are predatory
  • Sedentary Polychaetes ingest substrate
  • Suspension feeders / Deposit feed
  • Free spawning
  • Trochophore larvae are planktonic, subsequent larvae leading benthic lives
    = many
    = bristle
18
Q

Class Oligochaeta

Oligo =

A
  • Still have a few chaetae
  • Earthworms
  • Hermaphrodites, transfer sperm by copulations
  • Direct development
  • Useful in composting
  • Most of canada was de-wormed by glaciation
    = few
19
Q

Copulation

A
  • Reproduction in worms
  • each worm acts as both male and female
  • produces gelationous cocoon with secretions from clitellum
  • Deposits egg in cocoon, solides cocoon forwards and deposits sperm, fertilization if external
20
Q

Class Hirudinea

Hirudo =

A
  • Leeches
  • Mostly freshwater, some marine and terrestrial
  • Have clitellum, but lack chatae
  • Predators of soft body invertebrates
  • Some feed on blood
  • Blood feeders secrete anaesthetic and anticoagulant
  • Used for medicine
    = Leech
21
Q

Phylum Mollsuca Characteristics

Moll=

A
  • Characterized by calcareous shell enclosing soft body
  • Shell secreted by thin later called mantle
  • Muscular foot used for movement
  • Organs contain visceral mass above foot
  • Mouth an organ called radula
  • Gills for gas exchange
  • Open circulatory system
  • Trocophore
22
Q

Three classes of Mollusca

A

1) Gastropoda
2) Bivalia
3) Cephalopoda

23
Q

Class Gastropoda
Gastro=
Pod=

A
  • Snails
  • Undergo torsion, anal opening is over the head
  • Lungs rather then gills
  • Protected by nematocysts of cnidarians
    = Stomach
    = Foot
24
Q

Nudibranchs

A

Shell-less marine gastropods

- Sea slugs

25
Q

Class Bivalia
bi=
Valv=

A
  • Clams, oysters, scallops
  • two hinged shells
  • No radula
  • Some sessile but most are sedentary
  • Many eaten for food, used for pearls
  • Invasive pest
    = two
    = door
26
Q

Class Cephalopoda

Cephalo =

A
  • Squids, octopus
  • Long tentacles arranged around mouth
  • Most have radula modified as biting beak / poison
  • No external shell
  • Some have internal shell remnants
  • Only molluscs to have closed circulatory system
  • Jet propulsion
  • Maternal care / direct development
  • Excellent vision
  • Intellegent
    = Head

Biology 108 (18 decks)

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