Bio 108 - Lecture 10 Flashcards
Six Characteristics of Seedless Vascular Plants
1) Vascular Tissue
2) Complex multicellular Roots
3) Complex Multicellular leaves
4) Sporophyte Dominant in life cycle
5) Sporophylls
6) Variation in Spore Size among species
Vascular Tissue - what it includes
1) Xylem (water)
2) Phloem (Carbohydrates)
- Contain Lingin
Tracheids are dead hollow cells
Sporophylls
Phyll = ?
Angio = ?
- Modified leaves on sporophyte that bear sporangia
Phyll = Leaf
Angio = Vessel
Can be called a cone
Homosporous vs Heterosporous
Homosporous species make one size spore that becomes a gametophyte that makes both eggs and sperm
Heterosporous make two sizes, small making male gametophyte, and large making female gametophyte
Two Major lineages of Seedless Vascular Plants
1) Phylum Lycophyta
2) Phylum Pterophyta
Two Characteristics of All Seedless Vascular Plants
1) Gemtophytes tiny independent plants
2) Have flagellated sperm that must swim in water
Phylum Lycophyta - Characteristics
All Microphyllous
Only small ones left today
Phylum Pterophyta
- Homosporous
- 3 Extant groups
- all have megaphylls
- large leaves, pter = wing
- Produce clusters of sporangia on underside of leaves (sori)
Three Extant Groups of Phylum Pterophyta
1) Whisk Ferns
2) Horestails
3) True Ferns
Economic Uses for Vascular Plants
- Used for cleaning cook wear
- Flash powder
- Some edible (fiddleheads)
What Period were Lycophyta and Pterophyta Dominant?
Carboniferous Period
Coal Swamps - What?
Huge swamps and their organic matter later covered by marine sediments, huge amounts of co2 was released, causing global cooling. Lead to the extinction of coal swamps.