Bio 108 - Lecture 14 / 15

Question 1

Who is Kingdom Fungi Most Closely Related to?

Answer 1

Kingdom Animalia

Question 2

What is “Opishtokonta”

Answer 2

A clade including fungi and animals

Question 3

Opistho =

Answer 3

Posterior

Question 4

Myco =

Answer 4

Fungus

Question 5

Something that all fungi are?

Answer 5

Chemoheterotrophs

Question 6

What are Exoenzymes?

Answer 6

Enzymes that fungi secrete outside of their body

Question 7

Enzymes break down which organic molecules in animals and plants?

Answer 7

Plants: Cellulose and Lignin
Animals: Karatin and Chitin

Question 8

What are Fungi Cell Walls Made from?

Answer 8

Chitin

Question 9

Bodies of most fungi are composed of…

Answer 9

Hyphae

Question 10

What is Mycelium? And What is its role?

Answer 10

Interwoven hyphal mat

Acts as feeding network

Question 11

2 Main types of Hyphae? And Characteristics of Each

Answer 11

1) Septate - Have cross walls deciding cells into seperate chambers
2) Coenocytic - Lack cross walls

Question 12

What ploidy are fungi spores and how are they made?

Answer 12

They are always 1n and they are made through mitosis and meiosis

Question 13

What is Plasmogamy?

Answer 13

The fusion of two cytoplasms

Question 14

What is a Heterkaryon?

Answer 14

A mycelium with two or more different genotypes of nuclei

Question 15

What is a dikaryotic State?

Answer 15

When two genetically distinct nuclei move in together and share one hypal compartment

Question 16

What is it called when two fungi nucleus fuse?

Answer 16

Karyogamy

Question 17

Some Features of Chytridiomycota

Answer 17

Flagellated stages

• Undergo alternation of generations
• Implicated in the global decline of amphibians

Question 18

Zygo =

Answer 18

Joined, twinned

Question 19

Some Features of Phylum Zygomycota

Answer 19

• Few are parasites
• Most are like Rhizopus Stolonifer (mould)
• Coenocytic Hyphae

Question 20

Some Features of Phylum Glomeromycota

Answer 20

All species are in a symbiotic relationship with roots
- growth inside and outside roots
glom = ball of thread

Question 21

Arbuscular Endomyccorhiza

Answer 21

Roots plus branching hyphae

Question 22

Some features of Phylum Ascomycota

Answer 22

• sexually produced spores in sac like aci
• Have septate hyphae
• also can produce asexually
• produces 8 ascospores

Question 23

What is an ascocarp?

Answer 23

When asci are clustered together in structures

Question 24

Condia vs condiphore what is each?

Answer 24

Condia are the tops of hyphae that are walled off

Condiaphore are the structure that bears condia

Question 25

Phylum Basidiomycota

Answer 25

- consist of mushrooms and toadstools - Very important decomposers of lignin - When environment conditions are good, it produces sexually forming basidiocarps

Question 26

Moulds

Answer 26

Rapidly Producing asexually reproducing fungi

Question 27

Yeast

Answer 27

Unicellular, inhabit moist areas | - reproduce asexually by pinching off bud

Question 28

Micorrhizae

Answer 28

represents mutualistic symbiosis between plant roots and fungi fungi help plants absorb minerals

Question 29

Lichens

Answer 29

A symbiotic mixture of fungal hyphae and a photosynthetic partner - asexual reproduction through soredia - sometimes fungi can live on its own, in which case you have the lichenized and the non-lichenized versions

Question 30

What is the role of Decomposers?

Answer 30

to break down complex organic molecules into inorganic forms | - most fungi decompose plant matter, break down lignin

Question 31

What are Fairy Rings?

Answer 31

Outward growth of decomposer hyphae

Question 32

What are Endolithic lichens?

Answer 32

Lichens that grow intirely under the surface of a rock

Question 33

Endo= | Lith

Answer 33

Within | Rock

Question 34

How many plant species lack chlorophyll?

Answer 34

400

Question 35

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 35

Something that is caused by fungi liberating plant hormones that cause excessive tissue growth

Question 36

Smut Fungi vs Ergot Fungi

Answer 36

Ergot: replaces seed with its own fruiting body Smut: Replaces pollen with fungal spores

Question 37

What is a hypovirulent strain of fungus?

Answer 37

A strain that has been weakened by a virus

Question 38

What is a nematode trap?

Answer 38

A strangling ring that fungi have to kill small organisms

Question 39

What are mycoses?

Answer 39

Fungal diseases

Question 40

What does cutaneous mean? | Cutis =

Answer 40

Infection occurs on outer layer of skin | Cutis = Skin

Question 41

What is a dermatophyte?

Answer 41

Fungi that digest Keratin and cause cutaneous infections

Question 42

What is the most common systematic mycosis in North America?

Answer 42

Histoplasmosis

Question 43

What is Thrush caused by?

Answer 43

The yeast candida albicans

Question 44

What is the most common mushroom?

Answer 44

Agaricus Bisporus

Question 45

Some common foods from Fungi?

Answer 45

Truffles, Mushrooms, Morels, Yeast spreads, alcohol, cheese

Question 46

Common fungal medications?

Answer 46

Yeast as a health supplement | Penicillin

Question 47

What is the name for "Magic Mushrooms"

Answer 47

psilocybin

Question 48

What is St. Anthony's Fire

Answer 48

A toxin that struck poor people in europe, characterized by violent convulsions, and gangrene so severe the limbs fell off

Question 49

What is the most toxic mushroom?

Answer 49

Amanita

Question 50

Where does St. Anthony's fire and LSD come from?

Answer 50

Ergot