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Molecular fundamentals > Bichem terms flash > Flashcards

Bichem terms flash Flashcards

1
Q

Questions

A

Answers

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2
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Major: Glucose. No essential. 4cal/gm. Stored as glycogen in muscle and liver

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3
Q

Lipid

A

Essential: Linolenic and linoleic acid. 9 cal/gm. Stored as TG mainly in adipose

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4
Q

Protein

A

Made of AA. 9 are essential. 4cal/gm. No storage of free FA, carbons converted to glycogen orTG, nitrogen goes to urea

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5
Q

Alcohol (ethanol)

A

7cal/gm. Stored as TG

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6
Q

Vitamins

A

Essential, not altered in reaction. Function: rxn cofactor

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7
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

A

Energy req. to keep all organs function while at rest. 24*(weight in kg)+ energy for work (1.3, 1.6, 2)

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8
Q

Body mass index

A

(Weight in Kg)/(hight in m)^2 or 703*(weight in lbs.)/(height in inch.)^2

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9
Q

unhealthy BMI

A

<18.5

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10
Q

normal BMI

A

18.6-25

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11
Q

pre-obese BMI

A

25.1-30

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12
Q

obese BMI

A

30.1-39.9

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13
Q

morbidly obese

A

> 40

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14
Q

ATP

A

Major energy source. Contains 2 high energy bonds which are worth 7kcal/mole when hydrolyzed

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15
Q

Creatine-P

A

High energy storage molecule that muscle uses. Donates P to ADP under rapid muscle contraction to make ATP

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16
Q

Glycogen

A

Storage form of glucose in liver and muscle

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17
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Generates energy from transferring electrons to oxygen

18
Q

FA

A

Preferred energy storage form (in form of TG). Can make KB. Cannot make sugars. Long hydrocarbons (3-24) with a carboxylic acid tail (amphipathic)

19
Q

HMP shunt

A

Alternative means of glucose oxidation. Convert 6 and 5 carbons sugars. Generate NADPH

20
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that aid in substrate reaching transition state, reduce energy required. Do NOT change overall equilibrium constant. Pathway regulation

21
Q

Futile cycles

A

Also called substrate cycling. Opposing pathways are active at same time. Ex. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

22
Q

Enzymes released with heart damage

A

CPK and troponin

23
Q

Enzymes released with pancreatic damage

A

Amylase

24
Q

Enzymes released with liver damage

A

AST and ALT

25
Q

Bis- Vs. Di-

A

Bis=same functional group on different atoms in same molecule. Di= same functional group on same atom or linked together then attached to one atom

26
Q

NAD+

A

Derived from Niacin (has reactive site), ribose and adenine

27
Q

Michaelis-Menton Eq.

A

v=(Vmax)/(1+[Km/[S]])

28
Q

Km

A

1/2 Vmax. Substrate concentration required for enzyme to reach 1/2 Vmax

29
Q

Lineweaver-Burk Deviation

A

Michaelis-Menton equation in straight line. Y=mx+b. 1/v = (Km/Vmax)(1/[S]) + (1/Vmax). Slope is altered by 1+ [Inhibitor]/Ki. (Ki = inhibitor dissociation constant)

30
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

Competes for substrate binding site. Increases Km

31
Q

Non-competitive inhibitor

A

Binds to site distinct from substrate binding site to induce conformational change which reduces enzyme activity. Decreased Vmax.

32
Q

Insulin receptor

A

Insulin binds 2 alpha domains. 2 beta domains contain tyrosine kinase activtity and are transmembrane to interior. Insulin receptor autophosphorylates and IRS-1 binds and is phosphorylated on tyrosine.

33
Q

Glucagon receptor

A

No intrinsic kinase activity, linked to G protein (G protein coupled receptor), similar to epinephrine. Undergoes conformational change when bound that transmits signal to G protein

34
Q

G protein

A

Heterotrimeric. Alpha binds GDP/GTP. Gi (inhibitory protein), Gs (stimulatory protein)

35
Q

FAD

A

Stronger oxidizing than NAD+. Flavin, d-ribitol, pyrophosphate, ribose, adenine. Accepts 1 electron at a time

36
Q

Coenzyme A

A

Derived from pantothenic acid. Provides active sulfhydral

37
Q

Lipoic acid

A

5 member ring with disulfide bond. Arsenite interferes with sulfhydral groups

38
Q

Respiratory Quotient

A

RQ = CO2 produced/ O2 consumed. For carbs = 1

39
Q

Muscle fibers, type 1

A

Slow twitch, many mito., aerobic metabolism, resistant to fatigue

40
Q

Muscle fibers, type 2

A

Fast twitch, few mito., anaerobic metabolism, prone to fatigue

Molecular fundamentals (20 decks)

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