BGM1002/L28 Amino and Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
Why must amino acids be metabolised? (2)
To provide energy in time of starvation
To remove excess amino acids from the body
Where does protein catabolism mainly occur?
Liver
What are amino acids converted into?
Metabolic intermediates and urea
What do transaminases do?
Swap an amino group for the keto-acid
Name 5 metabolic intermediates formed by amino acids.
Acetyl CoA (2C)
Acetoacetyl CoA (4C)
Pyruvate (3C)
Alpha-keto glutarate (5C)
Succinyl CoA (4C)
Fumarate (4C)
Oxaloacetate (4C)
How does ethanol metabolism affect response to GABA?
Increases response to neurotransmitter GABA
At what rate is ethanol metabolised in the liver?
100mg/Kg/hr
Name the 3 molecules/ intermediates involved in ethanol metabolism.
Ethanol
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Name the enzyme involved in step 1 of ethanol metabolism.
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Name the enzyme involved in step 2 of ethanol metabolism.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
What molecule inhibits gluconeogenesis and the CAC?
NADH
What is steatosis?
Fatty liver disease
At what point is steatosis irreversible?
Alcohol associated cirrhosis (AC)
Give 3 symptoms of chronic alcoholism.
Flushing
Sweating
Nausea
Rapid heart rate
Neck and head throb
Liver damage
Give an example of a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism.
Disulfiram