BGM1002/L28 Amino and Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Why must amino acids be metabolised? (2)

A

To provide energy in time of starvation
To remove excess amino acids from the body

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2
Q

Where does protein catabolism mainly occur?

A

Liver

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3
Q

What are amino acids converted into?

A

Metabolic intermediates and urea

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4
Q

What do transaminases do?

A

Swap an amino group for the keto-acid

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5
Q

Name 5 metabolic intermediates formed by amino acids.

A

Acetyl CoA (2C)
Acetoacetyl CoA (4C)
Pyruvate (3C)
Alpha-keto glutarate (5C)
Succinyl CoA (4C)
Fumarate (4C)
Oxaloacetate (4C)

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6
Q

How does ethanol metabolism affect response to GABA?

A

Increases response to neurotransmitter GABA

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7
Q

At what rate is ethanol metabolised in the liver?

A

100mg/Kg/hr

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8
Q

Name the 3 molecules/ intermediates involved in ethanol metabolism.

A

Ethanol
Acetaldehyde
Acetic acid

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9
Q

Name the enzyme involved in step 1 of ethanol metabolism.

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

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10
Q

Name the enzyme involved in step 2 of ethanol metabolism.

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

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11
Q

What molecule inhibits gluconeogenesis and the CAC?

A

NADH

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12
Q

What is steatosis?

A

Fatty liver disease

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13
Q

At what point is steatosis irreversible?

A

Alcohol associated cirrhosis (AC)

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14
Q

Give 3 symptoms of chronic alcoholism.

A

Flushing
Sweating
Nausea
Rapid heart rate
Neck and head throb
Liver damage

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15
Q

Give an example of a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism.

A

Disulfiram

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16
Q

How does disulfiram work?

A

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

17
Q

What gene affects alcohol tolerance?

A

SNPs in ALDH gene

18
Q

How does NAD depletion affect blood sugar and triglyceride synthesis? (2)

A

Reduced blood sugar
Increased triglyceride synthesis