BGM1002/L27 Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
Name 2 metabolic processes involving fats.
Lipolysis
Beta-oxidation
How are fats stored in the body?
Triglycerides (triacylglycerol)
Describe the structure of a typical triglyceride.
Glycerol backbone
3 fatty acid chains (sn-1-3)
What kind of tissue stores fats?
White adipose tissue
What function is brown adipose tissue linked to?
Thermal insulation
Describe the structure of an adipocyte.
Large fat reservoir
Organelles all bunched up together
Name the 2 types of fat stores.
Visceral fat
Subcutaneous fat
How many calories are generated per gram of carbohydrate?
4
How many calories are generated from 1g of proteins?
4
How many calories are generated per gram of fat?
9
Give 2 products of triglyceride oxidation.
Metabolic water
CO2
Give 2 uses of fats in extreme environments.
Insulation
Buoyancy
Name the 3 stages of lipid metabolism.
Lipolysis
Activation of fatty acids
Oxidation of fatty aids
How is lipolysis mediated?
Hormone mediated
By glucagon, epinephrine
Name the 3 main types of lipase enzymes.
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)
Monoglyceride lipase (MGL)
What enzyme is involved in phosphorylation of glycerol?
Glycerol kinase
What enzyme converts L-glycerol-3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate?
Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
How are fatty acids activated?
Addition of Coenzyme A to form acyl CoA
How is energy provided for activation of fatty acids?
Coupling to hydrolysis of pyrophosphate
How is the acyl group transported into the mitochondria?
As acyl-carnitine