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BGM1002-Biochemistry > BGM1002/L04 Non-Globular Proteins > Flashcards

BGM1002/L04 Non-Globular Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 structural proteins.

A

Keratin
Silk
Collagen

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2
Q

Name a fibrous/filamentous protein.

A

Cytoskeletal proteins

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3
Q

Name 3 globular proteins that assemble into fibrous quaternary arrangements. (3)

A

Cytoskeletal proteins
Flagellae
Pilli
Filamentous viruses

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4
Q

Give 3 features of protein fibres.

A

Strong
Dynamic
Can interact with other proteins in DNA

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5
Q

Why don’t bacteria need a cytoskeleton for shape?

A

Their cell wall provides their shape.

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6
Q

Give 3 functions of the cytoskeleton.

A

Links membrane to nucleus in eukaryotes
Provides mechanical stability
Provides template for cell wall construction in some organisms

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7
Q

Give the 3 components of the cytoskeleton.

A

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

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8
Q

What are microfilaments primarily made from?

A

Actin

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9
Q

How does actin contribute to the function of microfibrils?

A

Actin binds and hydrolyses ATP

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10
Q

Which end does actin 1) bind at and 2) dissociate at?

A

1) Positive end
2) Negative end

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11
Q

Which proteins (2) sequester free actin?

A

Profilin & gelsolin

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12
Q

Name 4 features of intermediate filaments.

A

Long
Strong
Elastic
Flexible

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13
Q

What are intermediate filaments formed from?

A

Long coiled-coil proteins that may have globular ends at termini

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14
Q

Give 3 functions of intermediate filaments.

A

Cell adhesion
Cellular organisation
Muscle fibres

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15
Q

What type of intermediate filaments are keratins?

A

I & II

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16
Q

Name the 2 Type III intermediate filaments.

A

Vimentin & Desmin

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17
Q

Name the 2 Type IV intermediate filaments.

A

Alpha-internexin & synemin

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18
Q

Name the Type V intermediate filament.

A

Lamins

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19
Q

Name the 2 Type VI intermediate filaments.

A

Nestin & Filensin

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20
Q

Describe the structure of Keratin.

A

Superhelices formed by coiled coils

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21
Q

Name 5 structures made from alpha-keratin.

A

Hair
Skin
Claws
Nails
Feathers

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22
Q

Name 3 structures made of beta-keratin.

A

Scales
Nails of reptiles
Tortoise shells

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23
Q

How is keratin’s coiled-coil structure stabilised?

A

Hydrophobic interactions

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24
Q

How is keratin formed?

A

Dimers multimerise to form tetramers and so on, to produce filaments.

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25
Q

Describe the structure of Vimentin.

A

Coiled coil of eight tetramers, stuck together to form fibrous filaments

26
Q

How is Vimentin formed?

A

Dimerisation and formation of antiparallel tetramer

27
Q

What is the function of Vimentin?

A

Anchors organelles in cytoskeleton

28
Q

Name the 2 key proteins of neurofilaments.

A

Alpha-interexin & nestin

29
Q

Describe the structure of Lamin (3).

A

Long alpha-helix with one globular domain present
Polymers organised into protofilaments
Coiled-coil domain and terminal head

30
Q

What is the function of Lamin? (2)

A

Structure and regulation of nucleus
Feedback to cell on mechanical stress

31
Q

What are microtubules composed of?

A

Alpha and beta tubulin.

32
Q

What charge does 1) the beta end and 2) the alpha end of microtubules have?

A

1) Beta +ve
2) Alpha -ve

33
Q

What end does elongation occur more rapidly in microtubules?

A

Beta/ positive end

34
Q

How many protofilaments form a helical filament in microtubules?

A

13

35
Q

What does MTOC stand for?

A

Microtubules Organising Centre

36
Q

What is the key MTOC in the cell?

A

Centrosomes

37
Q

What does the drug Taxol do?

A

Inhibits cell cycle & stabilises GDP-bound tubulin
Cancer drug

38
Q

What is the function of microtubule-related proteins?

A

Regulate microtubule stability

39
Q

What do molecular motors do (2)?

A

Traffic vesicles in cells
Endo-exocytosis

40
Q

What proteins are present in muscle fibres? (5)

A

Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Titin

41
Q

What is special about the protein Titin?

A

Biggest known protein
Prevents over-extension

42
Q

What is the singular protein subunit in flagellae?

A

Flagellin

43
Q

Name an example of a filamentous virus.

A

Filamentous bacteriophage
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Some influenza viruses

44
Q

What kind of structure protects genetic material in filamentous viruses?

A

Helix

45
Q

What is the function of pilli?

A

Cell-cell recognition for transfer of genetic information

46
Q

What protein do pilli consist of?

A

Pillin

47
Q

Describe the structure of pillin.

A

Globular domain with long alpha-helix filaments

48
Q

What is the diameter of pillin’s helical arrangement?

A

6-7 nm

49
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

A surface attachment/ hair-like extension on some archaea and bacteria

50
Q

What are curli fibres?

A

Amyloid fibres produced by enterobacteria

51
Q

What structure does collagen consist of?

A

Triple helix of 2 a1 chains and 1 a2 chain

52
Q

What 3 amino acids is collagen rich in?

A

Glycine, proline and hydroxyproline

53
Q

Give two examples of diseases related to collagen-deficiency.

A

Scurvy
Ehlers-Danlos
Epidermolysis bullosa

54
Q

Give 2 examples of animals that produce silk.

A

Silkworm
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants)
Spiders
Lacewings

55
Q

What percentage of fibroin and sericin does silkworm silk contain?

A

70-80% fibroin
20-30% sericin

56
Q

Give 2 general properties of spider silk.

A

Highly ductile
High tensile strength

57
Q

Describe the structure of spidroin.

A

Repetitive glycine and alanine rich blocks
Beta-strand regions with disordered regions

58
Q

Give 3 types of spidroins.

A

MaSp1
MaSp2
Flagelliform

59
Q

What type of proteins don’t have regular tertiary structures?

A

Intrinsically disordered proteins

60
Q

Give 3 examples of diseases caused by misfolded proteins/accumulation/aggregation.

A

Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
ALS
CJD
Type II diabetes

61
Q

What 3 proteins are most susceptible to misfolding?

A

Alpha-synuclein
Beta-amyloid
Prion

62
Q

What kind of dye is used for amyloids?

A

Congo red dye

BGM1002-Biochemistry (29 decks)

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