beta lactams Flashcards
beta lactam classes
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Carbapenems
- Monobactam
N.penicillins are effective against:
G+ve ex: S. pyogenes
viridans faecalis
+ N.G
N.penicillins are ineffective against:
MRSA
G-VE
N. penicillins treat
Necrotizing faecalis
Syphilis
RF
Endocarditis
Anti-staph penicillins examples
nafcillin (IV)
Dicloxacillin (ORAL)
Anti-staph penicillins effective
MSSA , viridans , faecialis , pyogenes
Anti-staph penicillins ineffective
MRSA , B. fragilis , aerobic g-ve
Anti-staph penicillins treat
cellulitis , skin infections (SA)
Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins examples
Piperacillin +/ tazocin ( with tazobactam)
Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins effective
Alone: PA
Tazocin: anaerobes (BF) , Strep , MSSA
Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins ineffective
MRSA , ESBL
Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins treat
hospital & polymicrobial infections
(ps CAN’T TREAT MENINGITIS)
Anti-Pseudomonas ADVERSE EFFECTS
interstitial nephritis + nephrotoxicity (if combined with vancomycin)
Aminopenicillins examples
ampicillin , amoxicillin (helps absorption)
Aminopenicillins effective
enterococci , enterobacterals , strep (ex agalactiae) , listeria
Aminopenicillins ineffective
PA , MRSA
Aminopenicillins treat
Neonatal Meningitis , H.pylori , endocarditis , community inf , prophylaxis in preg.
cefazolin
1st generation
cefazolin effective
MSSA , pyogenes , agalactiae , “enterobacterals & ecoli”
cefazolin ineffective
BALME: BF , atypicals , l.monocytogenes , MRSA, enterococci
cefazolin treats
surgical prophylaxis
Cefuroxime
2nd generation
Cefuroxime effective
H.I , MSSA , pyogenes , agalactiae , enterobacteriacae
Cefuroxime ineffective
BALME
Ceftriaxone
3rd ex: ceftazidime
Ceftriaxone effective
HI , pneumococci , MSSA , Enterobacterals , PA
Ceftriaxone ineffective
BALME
Ceftriaxone treats
meningitis
Ceftriaxone Adverse effects
kernicterus , cholelithiasis , cholestasis
Cefepime
4th
Cefepime effective
MSSA, Strep , PA , enterobacterales c.
Cefepime ineffective
BALME
Ceftaroline
5th
Ceftaroline effective
MRSA , strep , PA , enterobacterals
Ceftaroline ineffective
BALE + ESBL
Imipenem
carbapenem (most potent BL)
Imipenem effective
ESBL , entercocci Faceium , enterbacterals ,anaerobes
Imipenem ineffective
MRSA , S. maltophilia
Imipenem adverse effects
seizures
Monobactam
Aztreonam
Monobactam effective
Gram -ve : PA
Monobactam ineffective
G+ve , anaerobes
Vancomycin MOA
blocks transpeptidase
Vancomycin effective
penicillin R. strep pneumoniae , MRSA , S.epi , C. difficile
Vancomycin ineffective
G-ve
Vancomycin treats
hospital acquired pneumonia , bacteremia , PC
Vancomycin adverse effects
nephrotoxicity , red man syndrome (histamine) require TDM