beta lactams Flashcards

1
Q

beta lactam classes

A
  1. Penicillins
  2. Cephalosporins
  3. Carbapenems
  4. Monobactam
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2
Q

N.penicillins are effective against:

A

G+ve ex: S. pyogenes
viridans faecalis
+ N.G

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3
Q

N.penicillins are ineffective against:

A

MRSA
G-VE

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4
Q

N. penicillins treat

A

Necrotizing faecalis
Syphilis

RF
Endocarditis

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5
Q

Anti-staph penicillins examples

A

nafcillin (IV)
Dicloxacillin (ORAL)

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6
Q

Anti-staph penicillins effective

A

MSSA , viridans , faecialis , pyogenes

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7
Q

Anti-staph penicillins ineffective

A

MRSA , B. fragilis , aerobic g-ve

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8
Q

Anti-staph penicillins treat

A

cellulitis , skin infections (SA)

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9
Q

Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins examples

A

Piperacillin +/ tazocin ( with tazobactam)

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10
Q

Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins effective

A

Alone: PA
Tazocin: anaerobes (BF) , Strep , MSSA

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11
Q

Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins ineffective

A

MRSA , ESBL

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12
Q

Anti-Pseudomonas Penicillins treat

A

hospital & polymicrobial infections
(ps CAN’T TREAT MENINGITIS)

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13
Q

Anti-Pseudomonas ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

interstitial nephritis + nephrotoxicity (if combined with vancomycin)

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14
Q

Aminopenicillins examples

A

ampicillin , amoxicillin (helps absorption)

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15
Q

Aminopenicillins effective

A

enterococci , enterobacterals , strep (ex agalactiae) , listeria

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16
Q

Aminopenicillins ineffective

A

PA , MRSA

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17
Q

Aminopenicillins treat

A

Neonatal Meningitis , H.pylori , endocarditis , community inf , prophylaxis in preg.

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18
Q

cefazolin

A

1st generation

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19
Q

cefazolin effective

A

MSSA , pyogenes , agalactiae , “enterobacterals & ecoli”

20
Q

cefazolin ineffective

A

BALME: BF , atypicals , l.monocytogenes , MRSA, enterococci

21
Q

cefazolin treats

A

surgical prophylaxis

22
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd generation

23
Q

Cefuroxime effective

A

H.I , MSSA , pyogenes , agalactiae , enterobacteriacae

24
Q

Cefuroxime ineffective

A

BALME

25
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd ex: ceftazidime

26
Q

Ceftriaxone effective

A

HI , pneumococci , MSSA , Enterobacterals , PA

27
Q

Ceftriaxone ineffective

A

BALME

28
Q

Ceftriaxone treats

A

meningitis

29
Q

Ceftriaxone Adverse effects

A

kernicterus , cholelithiasis , cholestasis

30
Q

Cefepime

A

4th

31
Q

Cefepime effective

A

MSSA, Strep , PA , enterobacterales c.

32
Q

Cefepime ineffective

A

BALME

33
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th

34
Q

Ceftaroline effective

A

MRSA , strep , PA , enterobacterals

35
Q

Ceftaroline ineffective

A

BALE + ESBL

36
Q

Imipenem

A

carbapenem (most potent BL)

37
Q

Imipenem effective

A

ESBL , entercocci Faceium , enterbacterals ,anaerobes

38
Q

Imipenem ineffective

A

MRSA , S. maltophilia

39
Q

Imipenem adverse effects

A

seizures

40
Q

Monobactam

A

Aztreonam

41
Q

Monobactam effective

A

Gram -ve : PA

42
Q

Monobactam ineffective

A

G+ve , anaerobes

43
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

blocks transpeptidase

44
Q

Vancomycin effective

A

penicillin R. strep pneumoniae , MRSA , S.epi , C. difficile

45
Q

Vancomycin ineffective

A

G-ve

46
Q

Vancomycin treats

A

hospital acquired pneumonia , bacteremia , PC

47
Q

Vancomycin adverse effects

A

nephrotoxicity , red man syndrome (histamine) require TDM