Adrenergic Agonists

Question 1

Sympathomimetics Actions

Answer 1

Increase BP + HR (Vasoconstriction + Vasodilation of skeletal muscles bv),
Bronchodilation ,
Mydriasis, alertness , glycogenolysis

Question 2

Norepinephrine Synthesis Steps

Answer 2

Synthesis of NE (tyr - Dopamine)
Storage
Release ( Ca influx = exocytosis)
Receptor binding
Removal of NE ( recycle via NET COMT in liver + MAO in mitochondria)

Question 3

Adrenergic Receptor Types

Answer 3

A 1 , 2 + B 1 , 2

Question 4

A1 sites + effects

Answer 4

{Gq}
BV (VC + increase peripheral resistance = high BP)
Pupil dilator muscles (mydriasis)
Bladder\ Prostate/VD (contraction , urinary retention , ejaculation)
Liver (Glycogenolysis )

Question 5

A2 sites + effects

Answer 5

{Gi}
presynaptic nerve terminals ( inhibit NE & Ach release = DECREASE BP)
Pancreas (decreases insulin)

Question 6

B1 sites + effects

Answer 6

{Gs}
Heart ( tachycardia , contractility )
Kidney JGCs (renin release) = inc. BP
Lipolysis

Question 7

B2 sites + effects

Answer 7

{Gs}
bronchodilation , vasodilation , smooth muscle relaxation (uterus) , decreases peripheral resistance , glycogenolysis , glucagon release

Question 8

D1 effects

Answer 8

low doses (inc. RBF , diuresis , natriuresis)
Int. Doses (activates B1-R)
High Doses (activates A1-R)

Question 9

Desensitization of receptors

Answer 9

Sequestration of the receptors
Downregulation by decreased synthesis
Inability to couple to G-protein

Question 10

Adrenergic Agonists absorption

Answer 10

absorbed slowly : subcutaneous tissues = local vasoconstriction (α-effect).
rapidly absorbed :intramuscular sites = (β2-mediated vasodilatation)
Poor CNS penetration (hydrophilic)

Question 11

NE , Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline

Answer 11

Alpha 1 agonists (Ophthalmic,
Intranasal, IV)

Question 12

NE , Phenylephrine, Oxymetazoline (NOxyPhen)

Answer 12

Acute hypotension , hemorrhage, accidents (VC) , congestion , need mydriasis

Question 13

Methyldopa , Clonidine (MC2)

Answer 13

Alpha 2 agonists (central antihypertensive drugs)

Question 14

Dobutamine

Answer 14

B1 agonist IV ( Acute heart failure :Increase myocardial contractility)

Question 15

Albuterol/ Terbutaline

Answer 15

B2 agonists inhalers (Bronchial asthma, preterm labor : VD + SM relax)

Question 16

Ephedrine
Pseudoephedrine

Answer 16

A & B : decongestants

Question 17

Dopamine Uses

Answer 17

cardiogenic + septic shock
enhances kidney perfusion + diuresis
Treatment of hypotension, heart failure and bradycardia unresponsive to other treatments.

Question 18

Methylphenidate

Answer 18

ADHD

Question 19

Epinephrine MOA

Answer 19

low doses (B effects : VD)
high doses (A effects: VC)

Question 20

Epinephrine Uses

Answer 20

Bronchospasm (B2 VD)
Anaphylactic shock (A1 VC)
Cardiac arrest (A1 VC)
Local anaesthesia (A1 VC)
Intraocular surgery (A1 mydriasis)

Question 21

NE MOA

Answer 21

Affects alpha receptors = VC = inc peripheral resistance =
vagus n. stimulation = PNS stimulation = Acetylcholine release = binds to M2 receptors = decrease in HR ( reflex bradycardia )

Question 22

NE uses

Answer 22

Septic shock (inc vascular resistance)

Question 23

Dopamine MOA

Answer 23

stimulates B1-R + at high conc. A1-R

Question 24

Amphetamine, Methamphetamine and Methylphenidate

Answer 24

Indirect Sympathomimetic drugs (displace stored catecholamines)

Question 25

Amphetamine, Methamphetamine and Methylphenidate

Answer 25

CNS stimulants “mood and alertness”, and appetite suppressants

Question 26

Cocaine

Answer 26

inhibit NE transporters (inhibits reuptake)