Antihelminths Flashcards
Albendazole
Broad Spectrum Anti-Nematode
Albendazole MOA
Inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin = low glucose update , low ATP , immobilization , disruption of function = lysosomal release then death = expelled in feces
Albendazole Uses
{hydatid disease}, {cysticercosis} , ascariasis, trichuriasis, pinworm (enterobius) , hookworm (ancylostoma)
Albendazole Adverse
short term: Mild epigastric pain, diarrhea, nausea, headache & insomnia.
long term: fever, fatigue, alopecia, increased liver enzymes, neutropenia/pancytopenia
Albendazole + Mebendazole CI
pregnancy 1st trimester
Mebendazole
Broad Spectrum Anti-Nematode (chewed b4 / after meal)
Mebendazole Uses
pinworm (enterobius) , hookworm (ancylostoma) , ascariasis, trichuriasis,
Pyrantel Pamoate
Anti-Nematode
Pyrantel Pamoate MOA
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent:
Causes acetylcholine release + Inhibits acetylcholinesterase = paralysis = expulsion
Pyrantel Pamoate Uses
{Necator americanus}
{Trichostrongylus spp}
Pinworm (Enterobius)
Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis)
Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)
Pyrantel Pamoate Adverse
Mild transient GI disturbance
Drowsiness , headache, insomnia
Rash, fever
Pyrantel Pamoate CI
Pregnancy 1st trimester , liver disease
Diethylcarbamazine
Anti-Nematode
Diethylcarbamazine MOA
Immobilizes microfilariae & alters their surface structure, displacing them from tissues = (↑ susceptibility to host phagocytosis)
Diethylcarbamazine Uses
Filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)
Diethylcarbamazine Adverse
Mazzotti : Fever/rash/GI symptoms
Cough Chest pain
Muscle & joint pain
Proteinuria Leucocytosis
Retinal hemorrhage/vision loss
Encephalopathy
Ivermectin
Anti-Nematode
Ivermectin MOA
Direct activation of glutamate-gated Cl- channels = ↑ Permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions = Hyperpolarization = paralysis of organisms
Ivermectin Uses
Onchocerciasis , Filariasis
Cutaneous larva migrans
Strongyloides
Scabies , head lice
Ivermectin Adverse
seizures, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, rashes, increased liver enzymes
Ivermectin CI
pregnancy + children (CNS effects) , barbiturates (GABBA)
Praziquantel
Anti-Trematodes
Praziquantel MOA
↑ Cell permeability to Ca → uncontrolled calcium influx → muscle contraction and paralysis (low conc.)
Tegument vacuolization and disintegration (high conc.)
Praziquantel Uses
Schistosomiasis
Taeniasis , Neurocysticercosis (with albendazole)
Hydatid Disease , Diphyllobothriasis
Praziquantel Adverse
Headache, drowsiness, nausea, abdominal pain, pruritus, cardiac arrhythmias , low grade fever (release of protein worms)
Praziquantel CI
liver disease , arrhythmias , ocular cysticercosis
Niclosamide
Anti-Cestode (given w/ purgative to expel ova)
Niclosamide MOA
Inhibits glucose uptake = inhibition of the parasite’s mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorylation of ADP = scolex dies (not ova)
Niclosamide Uses
Tapeworm ( T saginata + solium)
Niclosamide Adverse
NVD