Antihelminths

Question 1

Albendazole

Answer 1

Broad Spectrum Anti-Nematode

Question 2

Albendazole MOA

Answer 2

Inhibit microtubule polymerization by binding to β-tubulin = low glucose update , low ATP , immobilization , disruption of function = lysosomal release then death = expelled in feces

Question 3

Albendazole Uses

Answer 3

{hydatid disease}, {cysticercosis} , ascariasis, trichuriasis, pinworm (enterobius) , hookworm (ancylostoma)

Question 4

Albendazole Adverse

Answer 4

short term: Mild epigastric pain, diarrhea, nausea, headache & insomnia.
long term: fever, fatigue, alopecia, increased liver enzymes, neutropenia/pancytopenia

Question 5

Albendazole + Mebendazole CI

Answer 5

pregnancy 1st trimester

Question 6

Mebendazole

Answer 6

Broad Spectrum Anti-Nematode (chewed b4 / after meal)

Question 7

Mebendazole Uses

Answer 7

pinworm (enterobius) , hookworm (ancylostoma) , ascariasis, trichuriasis,

Question 8

Pyrantel Pamoate

Answer 8

Anti-Nematode

Question 9

Pyrantel Pamoate MOA

Answer 9

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent:
Causes acetylcholine release + Inhibits acetylcholinesterase = paralysis = expulsion

Question 10

Pyrantel Pamoate Uses

Answer 10

{Necator americanus}
{Trichostrongylus spp}
Pinworm (Enterobius)
Ascaris lumbricoides (Ascariasis)
Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)

Question 11

Pyrantel Pamoate Adverse

Answer 11

Mild transient GI disturbance
Drowsiness , headache, insomnia
Rash, fever

Question 12

Pyrantel Pamoate CI

Answer 12

Pregnancy 1st trimester , liver disease

Question 13

Diethylcarbamazine

Answer 13

Anti-Nematode

Question 14

Diethylcarbamazine MOA

Answer 14

Immobilizes microfilariae & alters their surface structure, displacing them from tissues = (↑ susceptibility to host phagocytosis)

Question 15

Diethylcarbamazine Uses

Answer 15

Filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti)

Question 16

Diethylcarbamazine Adverse

Answer 16

Mazzotti : Fever/rash/GI symptoms
Cough Chest pain
Muscle & joint pain
Proteinuria Leucocytosis
Retinal hemorrhage/vision loss
Encephalopathy

Question 17

Ivermectin

Answer 17

Anti-Nematode

Question 18

Ivermectin MOA

Answer 18

Direct activation of glutamate-gated Cl- channels = ↑ Permeability of the cell membrane to chloride ions = Hyperpolarization = paralysis of organisms

Question 19

Ivermectin Uses

Answer 19

Onchocerciasis , Filariasis
Cutaneous larva migrans
Strongyloides
Scabies , head lice

Question 20

Ivermectin Adverse

Answer 20

seizures, fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, rashes, increased liver enzymes

Question 21

Ivermectin CI

Answer 21

pregnancy + children (CNS effects) , barbiturates (GABBA)

Question 22

Praziquantel

Answer 22

Anti-Trematodes

Question 23

Praziquantel MOA

Answer 23

↑ Cell permeability to Ca → uncontrolled calcium influx → muscle contraction and paralysis (low conc.)
Tegument vacuolization and disintegration (high conc.)

Question 24

Praziquantel Uses

Answer 24

Schistosomiasis
Taeniasis , Neurocysticercosis (with albendazole)
Hydatid Disease , Diphyllobothriasis

Question 25

Praziquantel Adverse

Answer 25

Headache, drowsiness, nausea, abdominal pain, pruritus, cardiac arrhythmias , low grade fever (release of protein worms)

Question 26

Praziquantel CI

Answer 26

liver disease , arrhythmias , ocular cysticercosis

Question 27

Niclosamide

Answer 27

Anti-Cestode (given w/ purgative to expel ova)

Question 28

Niclosamide MOA

Answer 28

Inhibits glucose uptake = inhibition of the parasite’s mitochondrial anaerobic phosphorylation of ADP = scolex dies (not ova)

Question 29

Niclosamide Uses

Answer 29

Tapeworm ( T saginata + solium)

Question 30

Niclosamide Adverse

Answer 30

NVD