Benzodiazepine Flashcards
1
Q
Diazepam (Valium):
- Functional Class
A
- Benzodiazepine
2
Q
Diazepam (Valium):
- Mechanism of action
A
- Intensifies GABA activity, supressing the spread of seizure activity through the motor cortex.
- Effective for management of stress, anxiety, and alcohol withdrawal due to its sedative properties.
- Effective for premedication for minor orthopedic procedures due to skeletal muscle relaxant properties, and as premed for cardioversion because it produces amnesia.
3
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Indications
A
- Seizures (Status Epilepticus)
- Sedation prior to painful procedure
- Acute anxiety
4
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Contraindications
A
- Hypersensitivity
- Shock
- Coma
- Acute Alcohol Intoxication
5
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Precaustions
A
- Local irritation, should use large vein when possible.
- Seizure activity may occur due to lipid solubility
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Impaired renal/hepatic function
- Obstetrical pts
- Elderly
6
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Side Effects
A
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Ataxia
- Respiratory Depression
- Edema
- Amnesia
- Slurred Speech
7
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Interactions
A
- Enhanced with other CNS depressants and alcohol
- Cimetidine may increase diazepams plasma lev
8
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Dosage/Route
A
- Adult: 5mg IVP, repeat at 2.5 mg q 5 minutes, max of 10 mg
- Pedi: 0.1-0.25 mg/kg IV/IO, max single dose of 5mg. or 0.5 mg/kg PR, max single dose of 10 mg, May repeat once after 5 min.
9
Q
Diazepam (Valium)
- Pharmacokinetics
A
- Onset: 1-5 minutes IV
- Half Life: 20-50 hrs
10
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Functional Class
A
- Benzo
11
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Mechanism of Action
A
- Short-acting Benzo
- Intesifies activity of GABA
- Has CNS depressant, anticonvulsant, and anterograde amnestic properties as well as skeletal muscle relaxant and sleep inducing properties
12
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Indications
A
- Seizures (Status Epileticus)
- Sedation prior to painful procedure
13
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Contraindications
A
- Hypersensitivity to Benzos
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Coma
- Shock
- Acute alcohol intoxication
14
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Precautions
A
- COPD
- CHF
- Renal Failure
15
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Side Effects
A
- N/V
- Blurred Vision
- Retrograde Amnesia
- Excessive Amnesia
- Apnea
- Hypotension
- PVC’s
16
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Interactions
A
- Prolonged resp depression w/ other CNS depressants
- Cimetidine may increase plasma levels of midazolam
17
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Dosage/Route
A
- Adult: 1-2.5 mg slow IVP or IM, q 5 min until seizure is abolished
- Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg slow IVP or IM max single of 6 mg. May repeat once in 5 min
18
Q
Midazolam (Versed)
- Pharmacokinetics
A
- Onset: 3-5 minutes IV
- Duration: <2 hrs IV
- Half Life: 1-4 hrs
19
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Functional Class
A
- Benzo
20
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Mechanism of Action
A
- Most potent of the Benzo’s
- Act as a Anxiolytic, Sedative, Hypnotic, and Skeletal Muscle Relaxant.
- Short-half life make it popular for pedi seizures
21
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Indications
A
- Seizures (Status Epilepticus)
- Sedation prior to painful procedures
- Anxiety
22
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Contraindications
A
- Hypersensitivity to Benzo’s
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
- Coma
- Shock
- Acute Alcohol Intoxication
23
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Precautions
A
- Renal/Hepatic impairment
- Myathesia Gravis
- COPD
24
Q
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Side Effects
A
- Anterograde Amnesia
- Sedation
- HTN
- Hypotension
- Blurred Vision
- N/V
- Confusion
25
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Interactions
- Effects increases w/ other CNS depressants and cimetidine
26
Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Dosage/Route
- Adult: 1-2 mg slow IVP or IM, q 5 min, max of 8 mg
| - Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg slow IVP or IM, max single of 2 mg. May repeat once after 5 min.
27
Lorazepam ( Ativan)
- Pharmacokinetics
- Onset: 1-5 min IV, 5-10 IM
| - Half Life: 10-20 hrs
