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Pharmacology > Antidotes/Antagonist > Flashcards

Antidotes/Antagonist Flashcards

0
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Mechanism of Action:
A
  • Competes for and displaces, narcotic molecules from opiate receptors in the brain.
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1
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Functional Class:
A
  • Narcotic Antagonist
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2
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Indications
A
  • Opiate overdose

- Coma of unknown origin

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3
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Contraindications
A
  • Known hypersensitivity
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4
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Precautions
A
  • Caution with narcotic physically-dependent pts as naloxone can cause abrupt reversal of narcotic effects.
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5
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Side Effects
A
  • Ventricular Arrhythmias
  • tachycardia
  • Hyperventilation
  • seizures
  • Tremors
  • HTN
  • N/V
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6
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Interactions
A
  • Narcotic withdrawal with narcotic physically-dependent pts. Administer enough to reverse resp depression.
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7
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

-Dosage/Route:

A
  • Adult: 0.4-2mg IVP/IM/SQ/ET (ETT use double dose) q 2-3 minutes to a max of 10mg
  • Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg IVP/IM/SQ/ET (ETT use double dose) q 2-3 minutes to a max dose of 10mg
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8
Q

Naloxone (Narcan):

  • Pharmacokinetics
A
  • Onset: 2-10 minutes IM/ET, <2 minutes IVP
  • Duration: 20-120 minutes
  • Half-life: 60-90 minutes
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9
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Functional Class
A
  • Vitamin, Antidote
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10
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Mechanism Of Action
A
  • Is a precursor to vitamin B12 (cyancobolamin). Cyanide attaches itself to forms vitamin B12. Then is safely excreted in urine.
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11
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Indications
A
  • Known cyanide poisoning.
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12
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Contraindications
A
  • Hypersensitivity to any component of medication including cobalt.
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13
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Precautions
A
  • Transient severe HTN secondary to infusion.
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14
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Side Effects
A
  • HTN
  • Pruritis
  • H/A
  • Chromaturia (up to 5 weeks)
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15
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Interactions
A 
- Run the following through separate tubing due to incompatibilities (particulate formation). 
> Diazepam
> Dobutamine
> Dopamine 
> Fentanyl
> Nitroglycerin
16
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Dosage/Route:
  • Note
A
  • Adult: 1 kit (5g) infusion over 15 minutes. May repeat additional dose in 2 hrs based on symptoms.
  • Note: Give immediately if poisoning is suspected.
17
Q

Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):

  • Administration Procedure (per kit)
A
  1. ) Reconstitute both 2.5g vials w/ 100 mL NS.
  2. ) Repeatedly invert vial for 30 seconds to reconstitute; Do not shake.
  3. ) Administer first vial (2.5g) over 7.5 min.
  4. ) Administer contents of second vial (2.5g) over 7.5 min.
18
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Functional Class
A
  • Aborbent
19
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Mechanism of Action
A
  • Fine black powder which binds and absorbs ingested drugs/toxins/chemicals present in GI tract.
  • Inhibits there absorption and bioavailability.
  • Efficient due to large surface area.
  • Once bound, the combine complex is excreted via feces.
20
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Indications
A
  • Acute poison ingestion
21
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Contraindications
A
  • Poisoning by cyanide, mineral acids, caustic alkalis, organic solvents, iron ethanol, and methanol.
22
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Precautions
A
  • Protect airway and monitor mental status and vitals. Use caution in pts w/ ams unless nasogastric tube is placed and airway is protected.
23
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Side Effects
A
  • N/V
  • Abd cramps
  • Abd bloating
  • constipation/diarrhea
24
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Interactions
A
  • Do not administer with syrup of ipecac, will nullify the effects of activated charcoal.
25
Q

Activated charcoal (Actidose):

  • Dosage/route
A
  • 1 g/kg mixed with 6-8 oz. of h2o to form a slurry PO/NG/OG

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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