Antidotes/Antagonist Flashcards
0
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Mechanism of Action:
A
- Competes for and displaces, narcotic molecules from opiate receptors in the brain.
1
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Functional Class:
A
- Narcotic Antagonist
2
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Indications
A
- Opiate overdose
- Coma of unknown origin
3
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Contraindications
A
- Known hypersensitivity
4
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Precautions
A
- Caution with narcotic physically-dependent pts as naloxone can cause abrupt reversal of narcotic effects.
5
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Side Effects
A
- Ventricular Arrhythmias
- tachycardia
- Hyperventilation
- seizures
- Tremors
- HTN
- N/V
6
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Interactions
A
- Narcotic withdrawal with narcotic physically-dependent pts. Administer enough to reverse resp depression.
7
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
-Dosage/Route:
A
- Adult: 0.4-2mg IVP/IM/SQ/ET (ETT use double dose) q 2-3 minutes to a max of 10mg
- Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg IVP/IM/SQ/ET (ETT use double dose) q 2-3 minutes to a max dose of 10mg
8
Q
Naloxone (Narcan):
- Pharmacokinetics
A
- Onset: 2-10 minutes IM/ET, <2 minutes IVP
- Duration: 20-120 minutes
- Half-life: 60-90 minutes
9
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Functional Class
A
- Vitamin, Antidote
10
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Mechanism Of Action
A
- Is a precursor to vitamin B12 (cyancobolamin). Cyanide attaches itself to forms vitamin B12. Then is safely excreted in urine.
11
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Indications
A
- Known cyanide poisoning.
12
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Contraindications
A
- Hypersensitivity to any component of medication including cobalt.
13
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Precautions
A
- Transient severe HTN secondary to infusion.
14
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Side Effects
A
- HTN
- Pruritis
- H/A
- Chromaturia (up to 5 weeks)
15
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Interactions
A
- Run the following through separate tubing due to incompatibilities (particulate formation). > Diazepam > Dobutamine > Dopamine > Fentanyl > Nitroglycerin
16
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Dosage/Route:
- Note
A
- Adult: 1 kit (5g) infusion over 15 minutes. May repeat additional dose in 2 hrs based on symptoms.
- Note: Give immediately if poisoning is suspected.
17
Q
Hydroxocobolamin (Cyanokit):
- Administration Procedure (per kit)
A
- ) Reconstitute both 2.5g vials w/ 100 mL NS.
- ) Repeatedly invert vial for 30 seconds to reconstitute; Do not shake.
- ) Administer first vial (2.5g) over 7.5 min.
- ) Administer contents of second vial (2.5g) over 7.5 min.
18
Q
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Functional Class
A
- Aborbent
19
Q
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Mechanism of Action
A
- Fine black powder which binds and absorbs ingested drugs/toxins/chemicals present in GI tract.
- Inhibits there absorption and bioavailability.
- Efficient due to large surface area.
- Once bound, the combine complex is excreted via feces.
20
Q
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Indications
A
- Acute poison ingestion
21
Q
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Contraindications
A
- Poisoning by cyanide, mineral acids, caustic alkalis, organic solvents, iron ethanol, and methanol.
22
Q
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Precautions
A
- Protect airway and monitor mental status and vitals. Use caution in pts w/ ams unless nasogastric tube is placed and airway is protected.
23
Q
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Side Effects
A
- N/V
- Abd cramps
- Abd bloating
- constipation/diarrhea
24
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Interactions
- Do not administer with syrup of ipecac, will nullify the effects of activated charcoal.
25
Activated charcoal (Actidose):
- Dosage/route
- 1 g/kg mixed with 6-8 oz. of h2o to form a slurry PO/NG/OG
