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Pharmacology > Analgesics > Flashcards

Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Functional Class
A
  • Narcotic analgesic
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2
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Mechanism Of Action
A
  • Naturally occurring opiate
  • Works on opiate receptors in the brain
  • Also has vasodilatory properties due to mast cell degranulation and histamine release, increasing peripheral vascular capacity and decreasing preload. Reducing/decreasing cardiac workload, myo/O2 demand and pulm venous congestion.
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3
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Indications
A
  • C/P associated with ACS
  • Pulm Edema
  • CHF
  • Pain management
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4
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Contraindications
A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Undiagnosed head injury
  • hypovolemia
  • hypotension
  • acute asthma
  • COPD
  • Resp depression
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5
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Precautions
A
  • Administer slowly and titrate to effect

- Undiagnosed abd pain

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6
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Side Effects
A
  • Dizz, h/a, N/V, Cramps, Blurred Vision
  • AMS
  • Miosis
  • Seizures
  • Drowsiness
  • Bradycardia
  • Resp Depression
  • Syncope
  • Palps
  • Hypotension
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7
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Interactions
A
  • Enhanced CNS depression when administered with antihistamines, sedatives, barbiturates, and alcohol.
  • TCA and MAOI’s may precipitate hypotensive crisis.
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8
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Dosage/Route
A
  • Adult: 1-5 mg slow IVP/IM q 5 min, max of 15.
    Titrate to pain level and systolic BP >100
  • Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg IV may repeat once in 10 min
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9
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Pharmacokinetics
A
  • Onset = Immediate IV

- Duration = 2-7 hours IV

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10
Q

Morphine Sulfate:

  • Note:
A
  • Naloxone antidote
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11
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Functional Class
A
  • Narcotic agonist, analgesic
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12
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Mechanism of Action:
A
  • Potent, short-acting, synthetic narcotic agonist analgesic.
  • Principle actions are analgesia and sedation.
  • Inhibits ascending pain pathways in CNS, increases pain threshold, and alters pain perception by binding to opiate receptors.
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13
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Indications
A
  • Pain management
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14
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Contraindication
A
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Hypersensitivity to opiates
  • MAOI use
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15
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Precautions
A
  • Increased ICP
  • Severe resp disorder
  • Hypotension
  • Bradydysrhythmias
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16
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Side Effects
A
  • Severe resp depression
  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Chest wall rigidity
  • Sedation
  • Bradycardia
  • CA
  • Hypotension
  • Diaphoresis, NV, Blurred Vision, miosos
17
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Interactions
A
  • Increased effects with other CNS depressants such as alcohol, narcotics, and sedatives/hypnotics.
  • MAOI use may cause hypotension.
18
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Dosage/Route
A
  • Adult: 25-50 mcg slow IVP/IM q 5 minutes, max 150 mcg.

- Pedi: 0.5 mcg/kg slow IVP q 5 minutes, max dose of 1.5 mcg/kg

19
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze):

  • Pharmacokinetics
A
  • Absorbtion: Immediate
  • Duration: 30-60 minutes
  • Half-Life: 1.5-6 hrs
20
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Functional Class:
A
  • Analgesic

- NSAID

21
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Mechanism
A
  • Reversibly blocks the action of Cyclooxygenase preventing the formation of prostaglandins.
  • Analgesia caused is equivalent to morphine.
22
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Indications
A
  • Acute moderate-severe pain.
23
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Contraindications
A
  • NSAID allergy
  • ASA sensitive asthma
  • Peptic Ulcer disease
  • Recent GI bleed
  • Renal failure
  • CVA
  • Recent CABG
  • Pregnancy
24
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Precautions
A
  • CHF and Cirrhosis pt due to renal failure
25
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Side Effects
A
  • GI bleed
  • Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
  • Inhibition of platelet aggregation
  • N/V/D
  • Upset Stomach
26
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Interactions
A
  • Potentiates platelet aggregation inhibitors
27
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol):

  • Dosage/Route
A
  • Adult: 15-30mg IVP or 30-60 mg IM (Single dose only)
28
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Functional Class
A
  • Local anesthetic
29
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Mechanism of Action
A
  • Provides topical anesthesia to the eye by inhibiting the transmission of nerve impulses by inhibiting Na channels along the nerve pathway, interrupting action potential.
30
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Indications
A
  • Chemical injury to eye(s) w/o associated foreign body.
31
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Contraindications:
A
  • hypersensitivity
32
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Precautions
A
  • Remove contact lenses prior to application.

- Use longer than two hrs may result in corneal ulcerations

33
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Side Effects
A
  • Blurred vision
  • Eye sensitivity
  • Corneal irritation
34
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Interactions
A
  • None
35
Q

Proparacaine (Alcaine):

  • Dosage/Route
A
  • 1-2 drops of a 0.5% solution per eye affected q 5 minutes prn

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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