BCM: Methods to Change Attitudes, Beleifs and Outcome Expectations

Question 1

Stimulating the learning of an
association between an
unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and a
conditioned stimulus (CS).
Most effective when the time
interval is short and the CS precedes
the UCS.

Answer 1

Classical conditioning

Question 2

Encouraging combining both
cognitive and affective assessments
of one’s self-image with and without
an unhealthy behavior.
Stimulation of both cognitive and
affective appraisal of self-image.
Can use feedback and confrontation;
however, raising awareness must be
quickly followed by increase in
problem-solving ability and selfefficacy

Answer 2

Self-reevaluation

Question 3

Encouraging realizing the negative
impact of the unhealthy behavior
and the positive impact of the
healthful behavior.
Stimulation of both cognitive and
affective appraisal to improve
appraisal and empathy skills.

Answer 3

Environmental reevaluation

Question 4

Encouraging taking the perspective
of the other.
Initiation from the perspective of the
learner; needs imaginary
competence.

Answer 4

Shifting perspective

Question 5

Using a set of one or more
meaningful premises and a
conclusion.
For central processing of arguments
they need to be new to the message
receiver.

Answer 5

Arguments

Question 6

Encouraging a process whereby
knowledge is created through the
interpretation of experience.
Rewarding outcomes from the
individual’s experience with the
behavior or assurance that the
individual can cope with and
reframe negative outcomes.

Answer 6

Direct experience

Question 7

Stimulating the learner to add
meaning to the information that is
processed.
Individuals with high motivation and
high cognitive ability; messages that
are personally relevant, surprising,
repeated, self-pacing, not
distracting, easily understandable,
and include direct instructions;
messages that are not too
discrepant and cause anticipation of
interaction.

Answer 7

Elaboration

Question 8

Stimulating people to focus on their
feelings after unintended risky
behavior, before any losses actually
materialize.
Stimulation of imagery; assumes a
positive intention to avoid the risky
behavior.

Answer 8

Anticipated regret

Question 9

Making a stimulus repeatedly
accessible to the individual’s
sensory receptors.
Neutrality of original attitude

Answer 9

Repeated exposure

Question 10

Using characteristics of the target
group in source, message, and
channel.
Using surface characteristics of the
target group enhances receptivity.
Using social-cultural characteristics
leads to a more positive reception of
the message.

Answer 10

Cultural Similarity