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History > Battle Against Infectious Disease since 1700 > Flashcards

Battle Against Infectious Disease since 1700 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who invented vaccination?

A

Edward Jenner

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2
Q

When did Edward Jenner invent vaccination?

A

1796

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3
Q

What did Jenner notice that lead him to his discovery?

A

He noticed that dairy maids who caught cowpox did not catch smallpox

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4
Q

What was the boy called that Jenner tested on?

A

James Phipps

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5
Q

What were some of the reasons people opposed to vaccination?

A

Doctors who did inoculation lost money
People didnt want to interfere with God
People thought being injected with cowpox would turn them in to cows
Jenner could not explain how it worked

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6
Q

How was smallpox dealt with before Jenner?

A 
People were kept isolated
Used inoculation (giving a person a mild dose of the disease)
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7
Q

What was bad about inoculation?

A

It was very risky

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8
Q

How did inoculation get encouraged in Britain?

A

Lady Montagu had her child inoculated

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9
Q

When was vaccination against smallpox made compulsory?

A

1853

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10
Q

What was so good about Jenner?

A

He carried out his experiments scientifically and made other people believe it

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11
Q

What did Louis Pasteur discover and when?

A

That germs in the air caused an animal disease in silkworms in 1865

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12
Q

What was Pasteur’s first experiment?

A

He noticed that germs caused the wine to go off

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13
Q

What was Pasteur’s second experiment?

A

Proved that the disease killing silkworms was caused by germs

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14
Q

Why did people not believe Pasteur?

A

He had not been able to identify a germ that caused human disease

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15
Q

When were France and Germany at war?

A

1870-71

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16
Q

What was Robert Koch motivated by?

A

National rivalry with the French scientist, Louis Pasteur

17
Q

What was the main thing Koch did?

A

in 1882 he identified the specific germ that caused tuberculosis

18
Q

Why was Koch better than Pasteur?

A

He employed a highly skilled team of assistants
He photographed germs
Used dyes to stain individual germs

19
Q

What was the main factor that helped Koch?

A

Technology

20
Q

What was Pasteur’s accidental discovery after Koch?

A

In 1887 Pasteur was trying to find a vaccination for chicken cholera

21
Q

What was the most important thing Pasteur proved in his accidental discovery?

A

He discovered how vaccination actually worked

22
Q

What did Pasteur do in 1881?

A

Developed a vaccine against anthrax

23
Q

What are the three dates for Pasteur?

A

1865 - germs caused disease in silkworms
1877 - chicken cholera
1881 - anthrax vaccination

24
Q

What are the two dates for Jenner?

A

1796 - smallpox discovery

1853 - vaccination against smallpox made compulsory

25
Q

What is the date for Koch?

A

1882 - germ that caused tuberculosis identified

26
Q

When was the war between France and Germany?

A

1870-71

27
Q

What did Paul Erlich do and when?

A

in 1909 he found a chemical cure for syphilis (for people already infected with syphilis). He called it the ‘magic bullet’ because it went straight into the body and only killed the harmful germ

28
Q

What did Alexander Fleming do?

A

In 1928 he discovered penicillin

29
Q

What encouraged Fleming to discover what he did?

A

He worked in WW1 and experienced people dying of infection. He wanted to find a magic bullet to kill those germs (FACTOR: WAR)

30
Q

What happened with Fleming’s discovery?

A

One day in 1928 he noticed that a mould was growing on an old culture dish and it seemed to have killed all the harmful bacteria around it?

31
Q

What did Fleming do after his discovery?

A

He published his findings in 1929 but he could not get the specialist help or money to carry on with his research to turn penicillin in to a pure drug

32
Q

How was penicillin developed into a pure drug?

A

1938-41 Florey and Chain managed to produce small amounts of penicillin and experimented with it on mice

33
Q

What could Florey and Chain still not do?

A

Mass produce penicillin

34
Q

When was penicillin mass produced?

A

1941-44

History (16 decks)

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