basic glomerulonephritis overview (1a)

Question 1

what causes immune mediated destruction of the glomerulus in glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

immune complex (antibody-antigen) driven attack or cell mediated attack on the micro structures of the kidney

Question 2

what is the general process that glomerulonephritis destroys the kidney?

Answer 2

immune mediated destruction

Question 3

what cells are considered “killer” immune response cells

Answer 3

CD8 T-cells

Question 4

what are 5 common types of GN (glomerulonephritis)

Answer 4

1. minimal change nephropathy
2 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
3. membranous nephropathy
4. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
5. lupus nephritis

Question 5

what are two important compnents of glomerulus?

Answer 5

1. filtration barrier

2. mesangium (scaffolding)

Question 6

what are the 3 layers of the capillary wall of the glomerulus?

Answer 6

1. fenestrated endothelium (inside of vessel)
2. glomerular basement membrane
3. epithelial cell layer (podocytes)

Question 7

where are podocytes located?

Answer 7

outside of glomerulus, in the urinary space

Question 8

what is the foot process

Answer 8

interlinking of podocytes that keep small particles pass into urine

Question 9

what is the charge of the glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 9

the glomerular basement membrane has a negative charge, making positively charged particles more likely to enter urinary space

Question 10

what is the normal glomerular anatomy and function?

Answer 10

the glomerulus is a capillary bed that keeps larger particles in the blood, and smaller molecules to pass to urine

Question 11

what is the number one cause of end stage renal failure?
number 2?
number 3?

Answer 11

#1 = diabetes
#2. = hypertension
#3 - glomerularnephritis

Question 12

what does the word humoral mean?

Answer 12

antibody (can be dissolved in blood)

Question 13

what cells identify antigens?

Answer 13

cd4 Tcells

Question 14

what is the mechanism behind GN

Answer 14

immune mediated response

Question 15

what is the term for one side glomerulus being affected and one not being affected?

Answer 15

segmental

Question 16

what term refers to involving all the glomeruli?

Answer 16

diffuse

Question 17

what term refers to involving only some but not all the glomeruli

Answer 17

focal

Question 18

what term refers to involving scarring of the glomerulus

Answer 18

slerotic

Question 19

what are the 3 primary mechanisms of glomerular injury

Answer 19

1. circulating immune complex deposition
2. in situ antigen-antibody interaction
   - antigen implanted or part of the glomerulus
3. cell mediated mechanism (cd4 tcells recruiting killer cd8 tcells)

Question 20

a circulating immune complex refers to what damage the kidney

Answer 20

antigen-antibody complex that has already interacted that gets deposited/ collected on the kidney