Basic Definitions Used (Exam 1)

Question 1

This is the unit of inheritance consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome.

Answer 1

What is a gene?

Question 2

This rod-like structure in the cell nucleus is composed of DNA and proteins.

Answer 2

What is a chromosome?

Question 3

This is the physical location of a gene in a chromosome.

Answer 3

What is a locus?

Question 4

This is any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same location on a particular pair of chromosomes.

Answer 4

What is an allele?

Question 5

This means having two identical allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes.

Answer 5

What is homozygous?

Question 6

This means having two different allelic genes on two corresponding positions of a pair of chromosomes.

Answer 6

What is heterozygous?

Question 7

The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual.

Answer 7

What is a genotype?

Question 8

The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type.

Answer 8

What is a phenotype?

Question 9

What do we mean when we say that gametes are haploid?

Answer 9

Gametes only have 23 chromosomes, which is only half of a full set

Question 10

What do we mean when we say that autosomes are diploid?

Answer 10

Autosomes have a full set of 46 chromosomes

Question 11

The non-coding DNA regions where STR markers are found are the…

Answer 11

Introns

Question 12

The coding DNA regions are called the { } and only comprise 5% of the genome.

Answer 12

Exons