Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum Flashcards
How many lobes are in the cerebellum?
3
Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular (v small)
What is the name of the stalks that attach the cerebellum to the brain stem?
Peduncles
What is found directly superior to the cerebellum?
Tentorium cerebelli
What layer of the cerebellum deals mainly with AFFERENT (input)?
Granular cell layer
What the ONLY cells responsible for EFFERENT (output) from cerebellum?
Purkinje cells
Damage to the left hemisphere of the cerebellum affects what side?
What effect would someone have from: a midline lesion in the cerebellum? unilateral hemisphere lesion? flocculonodular lobe? bilateral cereberallar lesion?
Cerebellum affects IPSILATERAL side of the body
Midline = disturbance of postural control
Unilateral hemisphere = disturbance of coordination in limbs
Flocculonodular lobe = vestibular imbalances
Bilateral = like when drunk e.g. slurred speech etc, off balance etc.
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
Facilitate purposeful movement
Inhibit unwanted movements (inhibits outflow of thalamus)
Role in posture and muscle tone
What is the basal ganglia?
Masses of grey matter located near the base of each hemisphere
What is the name for the grey matter found at the floor of the lateral ventricles?
What other basal gangila does it add up with to become the striatum?
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
What is the name of the triangular region of grey matter?
What is it made up of?
Leniticular nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
What the name of the nucleus found under the thalamus?
Subthalamic nucleus
Where is the substantia nigra found?
In the midbrain
Name 2 common neurological disorders associated with the basal ganglia
Parkinson’s disease - degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra
Huntington’s
- progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex
Lesions of the basal ganglia affect the contralateral side. What motor signs do they cause?
Changes in muscle tone
Dyskinesias (abnormal, involuntary movements)
