Bacteria vs Virus

Question 1

Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryote ?

Answer 1

Prokaryote

Question 2

What is a eukaryote

Answer 2

A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus within a membrane.

eg our own cells.

• Eukaryotic cells are more than 100 to 10,000 times larger than prokaryotic cells and are much more complex.

Question 3

Explain the cell wall of bacteria

Answer 3

• The cell wall has peptidoglycan, determining whether a call is gram +ve or gram -ve.

Question 4

Does gram-positive bacteria have a thick or a thin cell wall?

Answer 4

Thick

Question 5

Does gram-negative bacteria have a thick or a thin bacteria wall ?

Answer 5

Thin

Question 6

How does bacteria move and stick to things?

Answer 6

• It can move via Flagella.
• It can attach to surfaces via pili and fimbriae.

Question 7

What is the strucute of a virus ?

Answer 7

• Simple, A- cellar
• No cytoplasmic membrane or functional organelles
• It can infect bacteria called bacteriophages.
• It can exist intrasellar or extracellular.

Question 8

How does a virus affect a cell ? Via DNA and RNA

Answer 8

• In an extracellular state, a virus is called a virion and cannot reproduce. It consists of a capsid, nucleic acid core, and a viral genome, some of which include an envelope.
  -The nucleic acid contains the genetic material, either DNA or RNA. This can be single-stranded, double-stranded, linear, or circular.
  -Once inside the cell, the capsid is removed, and the virus becomes active.
• In this state, the virus exists as only nucleic acid, which induces the host to assemble virions released from the cell.
• In DNA viruses, the viral DNA enters the nuclei of the host cell and uses the host DNA polymerase to create more copies of itself and viral mRNA which gets translated into viral protein.
• With RNA viruses, many of them stay within the cytoplasm where the host’s ribosomes use the viral RNA to create viral RNA polymerase protein; these will be used to help replicate the RNA viral genome so more viruses can be created. These are more likely to make mistakes during transcriptions than DNA viruses; therefore, RNA has more mutations.
• The cell, which was the “host”, then dies.

Question 9

What are the three shapes of viruses?

Answer 9

Viruses can come in three shapes.
- Helical
- Icosahedral
- Complex - Bacteriophages

Question 10

What is Group A streptococci also known as ?

Answer 10

Group A Streptococci – Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 11

What is group B streptococcus also known as ?

Answer 11

• Group B Streptococci – Streptococcus Agalactiae

Question 12

Is steptococci gram +ve or gram -ve ?

What is its shape

Answer 12

• Gram +ve
• Chains of pearls