Bacteria etc.. Flashcards
What are the 5 kingdom organisms in Whittakters
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
What is todays Tree of life domains names. What are they comprised of mostly
Eucarya Bacteria Archaea All three are composed mainly of microorganisms.
What life forms are in Prokaryotes, which are eukaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea are pro, everything else is Eu
What non living organism is in Acaryote group
Virus
Describe Procaryotic cells sturcture
Simplest cells, no nucleus and nuclear membrane. DNA enclosed in circuilar loop (plasmid)
Describe Eukaryotic cells sturcture
More complex, true nucleus, chromosomes and respiratory in their mitochondria.
Draw a prokaryotic cell
See notes
Draw a Eukaryota cell
See notes
What is cytoplasm
Semi liquid material. Contains complex arrangement of tubules and vacuoles.
What purpose does the cytoplasm tubules and vacuoles have
These structures enable the chemical reactions.
What is the nucleus and what does it do
Regulates chemical changes in cytoplasim. Also controls cell division.
Where is DNA located and what is its function
located in the nucleus. Controls what kind of cell is produced.
What is the cell membraines fucntion
Stops the cytoplasm from flowing out. Contorls what substances and enter and leave the cell
What are the differences between animal and plant cells
Plant cells have cell walls and also large liquid filled center vacuole, also have chloroplasts
What are chloroplasts and what are their functions
Chloroplasts are within the cytoplasm. They are responsible for a plants green colors but also photosynthesis.
Name 5 major groups of organisms applicable to environmental issues
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, microcrustrations, Fish
What are viruses and their function
Subatomic particles, need a living host to reproduce, Contain either DNA or RNA in capsid
What is the name of a bacteria infected by virus
Bacteriophages
What waterborne disease are entric viruses know to cause?
Norwalk virus
Rotaviruses
Reoviruses
Adenoviruses
What are some defining characteristics of bacteria.
Reproduce by binary fission, They come in various shapes. Rigid cell wall.
What is Microbial growth used for
It recycles nutrients, making it act as decomposers
what is a bacterial cell composed of
carbon, nitrogen, Phosphorus
Draw and define parts of bacterial growth curve
see notes for pic
Lag: Where bacteria becomes acclimated with environment.
Exponential: Maximum bacterial growth rate
Declining Growth: Growth slows, death increases, substrate is limiting
Stationary: Growth = Death
Endogenous: Death > growth
Which group does Crustaceans belong to
Arthropods
What group is contained in the Helminths. Name 3 of this type
It consists of worms. Nematodes, flatworms and Annelids
Describe characteristics or protozoa
Most are aerobic, non phot, reproduce binary fission
What are Rotifers and what does their presence indicate
They are microscopic Eukaryotic animals. Their presence indicated efficent aerobic system.
What are macrophytes and what is their function
Large aquatic plants attached to lake bottom. Provide habitat. They also cuase low O2 livels in water column
What are fungi and their function
Non photo aerobic eukaryotes. Includes mushrooms and molds. They use decaying matter. Exist in low moistrure and Ph. They are facultative meaning grow aerobically or anaerobically
What are organisms based on nutrient reqirement given functions Energy, Carbon Source, Elctron Acceptor
See Notes
Name major terminal electron acceptors and their environment.
O2- aerobic NO3- Anoxic Mn(iv) - anoxic Fe(iii) Anoxic SO4- anoxic Co2 anaerobic
Why is using different electron acceptor importatnt in some cases
When not enough O2 availiable, they would not survive in that invoronment if they didnt.
What is Aerobic
Uses oxygen as oxygen
What is Anoxic
Oxygen needs to be stolen from nitrates beacuse no free oxygen available.
What is Anaerobic
No oxygen at all
What is oxidation
Removal of an electron(s) or hydrogen atom(s) from a compound
What is reduction
Gain of an electron(s) or hydrogen atom(s) from a compound.
What is metabolism
All the biochemical processes in a cell.
What is Anabolism
Conversion of nutrients to complex macromolecules (proteins, NA, lipids)
What is Catabolism
Oxidation of organic and/or inorganic compounds, release of chemical energy (for cell movement, nutrient transport) waste excretion into surrounding environment
