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Environmental Science > Bacteria etc.. > Flashcards

Bacteria etc.. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 kingdom organisms in Whittakters

A 
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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2
Q

What is todays Tree of life domains names. What are they comprised of mostly

A 
Eucarya
Bacteria
Archaea
All three are composed mainly of
microorganisms.
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3
Q

What life forms are in Prokaryotes, which are eukaryotes?

A

Bacteria and archaea are pro, everything else is Eu

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4
Q

What non living organism is in Acaryote group

A

Virus

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5
Q

Describe Procaryotic cells sturcture

A

Simplest cells, no nucleus and nuclear membrane. DNA enclosed in circuilar loop (plasmid)

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6
Q

Describe Eukaryotic cells sturcture

A

More complex, true nucleus, chromosomes and respiratory in their mitochondria.

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7
Q

Draw a prokaryotic cell

A

See notes

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8
Q

Draw a Eukaryota cell

A

See notes

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9
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

Semi liquid material. Contains complex arrangement of tubules and vacuoles.

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10
Q

What purpose does the cytoplasm tubules and vacuoles have

A

These structures enable the chemical reactions.

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11
Q

What is the nucleus and what does it do

A

Regulates chemical changes in cytoplasim. Also controls cell division.

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12
Q

Where is DNA located and what is its function

A

located in the nucleus. Controls what kind of cell is produced.

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13
Q

What is the cell membraines fucntion

A

Stops the cytoplasm from flowing out. Contorls what substances and enter and leave the cell

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14
Q

What are the differences between animal and plant cells

A

Plant cells have cell walls and also large liquid filled center vacuole, also have chloroplasts

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15
Q

What are chloroplasts and what are their functions

A

Chloroplasts are within the cytoplasm. They are responsible for a plants green colors but also photosynthesis.

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16
Q

Name 5 major groups of organisms applicable to environmental issues

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, microcrustrations, Fish

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17
Q

What are viruses and their function

A

Subatomic particles, need a living host to reproduce, Contain either DNA or RNA in capsid

18
Q

What is the name of a bacteria infected by virus

A

Bacteriophages

19
Q

What waterborne disease are entric viruses know to cause?

A

Norwalk virus
Rotaviruses
Reoviruses
Adenoviruses

20
Q

What are some defining characteristics of bacteria.

A

Reproduce by binary fission, They come in various shapes. Rigid cell wall.

21
Q

What is Microbial growth used for

A

It recycles nutrients, making it act as decomposers

22
Q

what is a bacterial cell composed of

A

carbon, nitrogen, Phosphorus

23
Q

Draw and define parts of bacterial growth curve

A

see notes for pic
Lag: Where bacteria becomes acclimated with environment.

Exponential: Maximum bacterial growth rate

Declining Growth: Growth slows, death increases, substrate is limiting

Stationary: Growth = Death

Endogenous: Death > growth

24
Q

Which group does Crustaceans belong to

A

Arthropods

25
Q

What group is contained in the Helminths. Name 3 of this type

A

It consists of worms. Nematodes, flatworms and Annelids

26
Q

Describe characteristics or protozoa

A

Most are aerobic, non phot, reproduce binary fission

27
Q

What are Rotifers and what does their presence indicate

A

They are microscopic Eukaryotic animals. Their presence indicated efficent aerobic system.

28
Q

What are macrophytes and what is their function

A

Large aquatic plants attached to lake bottom. Provide habitat. They also cuase low O2 livels in water column

29
Q

What are fungi and their function

A

Non photo aerobic eukaryotes. Includes mushrooms and molds. They use decaying matter. Exist in low moistrure and Ph. They are facultative meaning grow aerobically or anaerobically

30
Q

What are organisms based on nutrient reqirement given functions Energy, Carbon Source, Elctron Acceptor

A

See Notes

31
Q

Name major terminal electron acceptors and their environment.

A 
O2- aerobic
NO3- Anoxic
Mn(iv) - anoxic
Fe(iii) Anoxic
SO4- anoxic
Co2 anaerobic
32
Q

Why is using different electron acceptor importatnt in some cases

A

When not enough O2 availiable, they would not survive in that invoronment if they didnt.

33
Q

What is Aerobic

A

Uses oxygen as oxygen

34
Q

What is Anoxic

A

Oxygen needs to be stolen from nitrates beacuse no free oxygen available.

35
Q

What is Anaerobic

A

No oxygen at all

36
Q

What is oxidation

A

Removal of an electron(s) or hydrogen atom(s) from a compound

37
Q

What is reduction

A

Gain of an electron(s) or hydrogen atom(s) from a compound.

38
Q

What is metabolism

A

All the biochemical processes in a cell.

39
Q

What is Anabolism

A

Conversion of nutrients to complex macromolecules (proteins, NA, lipids)

40
Q

What is Catabolism

A

Oxidation of organic and/or inorganic compounds, release of chemical energy (for cell movement, nutrient transport) waste excretion into surrounding environment

Environmental Science (21 decks)

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