bacteria 9

Question 1

allergy but can lead to anaphylaxis and shock.
Th2 cells, IgE antibody, mast cells, eosinophils

Answer 1

type I hypersensitivity

Question 2

bound antibodies leading to complement and leukocyte activation to surfaces.

IgM, IgG antibodies against cell surface or ECM antigens

Answer 2

type II hypersensitivity

Question 3

immune complexes of circulating antigens and IgM or IgG antibodies deposited in vascular basement membrane.

bound antibodies leading to complement and leukocyte activation to soluble molecules, then immune complex deposition

Answer 3

type III hypersens

Question 4

CD4 t cells and CD8 CTLS
inflammation by purely cell-mediate immunity responses (NOT antibodies)

Answer 4

type IV hypersens.

Question 5

3 mechanisms that damage the host during infection

Answer 5

1. cell death
2. damage caused by host responses
3. alteration of the metabolism of host cells caused by toxins

Question 6

toxins act in 3 different ways:

Answer 6

1. modulation of targets inside host cell
2. action on surface of host cell
3. action in ECM

Question 7

1. modulation of targets inside host cell
2. these secreted by pathogens
3. these injected into host cells and contact-dependent

Answer 7

1. exotoxins
2. type III cytotoxins

Question 8

what is the direct action of lipases, which sometimes are found as toxins encoded by pathogen bacteria?

Answer 8

break down cell

Question 9

3 features of exotoxins

Answer 9

1. a-b toxins
2. require activation
3. many are ADP-ribosyltransferase

Question 10

what is ADP ribosylation function of some A-B toxins

Answer 10

inactivates target protein of HOST cells

Question 11

is the binding domain

Answer 11

B

Question 12

is the enzymatic active domain

Answer 12

A

Question 13

2. action on surface of host cell

1
2
3

Answer 13

1. membrane-damaging toxins
2. superantigens
3. endotoxins (LPS of gram -)

Question 14

lipid A is the

Answer 14

actin toxin on cell surface

Question 15

3. action in the ECM

Answer 15

exoenzymes

Question 16

2 protections against exotoxins

Answer 16

a. immunization with toxoids
b. treatment with antitoxins