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Biology iGCSE > B9: Plants As Organisms > Flashcards

B9: Plants As Organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is CO2 absorbed?

A

The Leaves

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2
Q

Adaptations for seed dispersal

A

> Fleshy, eaten by animals > Wings, fly away on wind > Hooks, caught in animal fur > Explosive pad to launch seeds far away

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3
Q

Endosperm Nucleus

A

The nucleus of the female gamete that will form the food store (endosperm) when it’s fertilised.

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4
Q

Photosynthesis Equation

A

6CO2 + 6H20 – (LIGHT ENERGY) -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

When do plants respire?

A

24/7

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6
Q

Is glucose insoluble?

A

No

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7
Q

Is starch insoluble?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Why do plants need nitrates?

A

To produce amino acids

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9
Q

Root hair cell adaptations

A

> Microscopic hairs increase SA. > Lots of mitochondria for active transport.

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10
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

Waterproof layer which stops water loss.

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11
Q

Why is the spongy mesophyll not tightly packed?

A

To have a large SA for gas exchange.

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12
Q

Transpiration

A

The loss of water from the leaves of plants through the stomata when they are open to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis.

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13
Q

Transpiration Stream

A

The movement of water through a plant from the roots to the leaves as a result of the loss of water by evaporation from the surface of the leaves.

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14
Q

Anything that affects evaporation also affects…

A

…Transpiration.

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15
Q

What 3 weather conditions speed up transpiration?

A

Hot Dry Windy

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16
Q

Translocation

A

The movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

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17
Q

Phloem is…

A

…Alive

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18
Q

Xylem is…

A

…Dead when mature.

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19
Q

Vascular Bundles

A

A strand of conductive plant tissue consisting of xylem and phloem.

20
Q

Uses of plant growth hormones.

A

> Rooting Powder > Weed Killers

21
Q

7 uses of glucose in a plant.

A

> Respiration > Energy > Growth > Reproduction > Making cellulose > Making amino acids > Building fat and oil stores

22
Q

Where do plants store starch?

A

Leaves, Stems, Roots and Tubers

23
Q

Stomata

A

Openings in the leaves of plants which gases enter and leave the leaves through. They are opened and closed by guard cells.

24
Q

What is a potometer used for?

A

To show the water uptake of a plant under different conditions.

25
Q

Phototropism

A

The response of a plant to light.

26
Q

Gravitropism

A

The response of a plant to gravity.

27
Q

Hydrotropism

A

The response of a plant to water.

28
Q

What do auxins do?

A

Control a plants responses to light, gravity and water.

29
Q

Describe the fertilisation process.

A
  1. The pollen grain attached to the stigma forms a pollen tube connecting it to the ovary. 2. The nuclei go through the pollen tube and fertilise the the egg and endosperm nuclei. 3. A zygote is formed-> embryo -> seed 4. The ovary grows into a fruit, which surrounds the seeds to protect them.
30
Q

In the shoot, more auxin gathers on the ….. side, and it grows faster on the ….. side.

A

lower lower

31
Q

3 limiting factors of photosynthesis.

A

Light Temperature CO2 levels

32
Q

Explain how CO2 is used in photosynthesis.

A
  1. The CO2 enters the leaf. 2. It diffuses into the chloroplasts in the plant cells. 3. It bonds with water to create glucose 4. It is converted into starch for storage.
33
Q

Where is water absorbed?

A

In the roots

34
Q

In the shoot, more auxin gathers on the ….. side, and it grows faster on the ….. side.

A

lower opposite

35
Q

Where is light absorbed?

A

In the leaves

36
Q

Label the diagram

A
37
Q

Label the diagram

A
38
Q

Petals

A

Adapted to contain the sex organs.

39
Q

Sepals

A
40
Q

Stamens

A

The male part of a flower made up of the anthers and the filament.

41
Q

Anther

A

Makes pollen containing the male gametes of the plant.

42
Q

Filament

A

Attaches the anther to the flower.

43
Q

Carpel

A

The female parts of the flower made up of the stigma, style and ovary.

44
Q

Stigma

A

The part of the flower where pollen lands during pollination.

45
Q

Style

A

The part that transports the male sex cells to the ovary.

46
Q

Ovary

A

Female sex organ which contains the eggs.

47
Q

Ovules

A

The female gametes in a plant.

Biology iGCSE (16 decks)

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