B1: Cell Activity

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Controls the cell’s activities. Contains the genes on the chromosomes.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Liquid like gelSite of chemical reactions.

Question 3

Cell Membrane

Answer 3

Controls the passage of substances in/out of the cell. UREA leaves the cell- OXYGEN enters.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Where oxygen is used and energy is released during respiration.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Where protein synthesis occurs

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

Contains chlorophyll.Absorbs light energy to make food by photosynthesis.

Question 7

Plastid

Answer 7

Any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts, in the cytoplasm of plant cells, containing pigment or food.

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

Filled with cell sap.Helps keep the cell rigid to support the plant

Question 9

Cell Wall

Answer 9

Made of cellulose. Strengthens the cell and gives it support.

Question 10

Bacterial Cell (7)

Answer 10

• Slime Capsule (Stops bacteria drying out)- Cell Membrane- Cell Wall- Cytoplasm- Flagella- Plasmids - Genetic Material

Question 11

Yeast Cell (6)

Answer 11

• Vacuole- Food Storage Granules- Cytoplasm- Cell Wall- Cell Membrane- Nucleus

Question 12

What is unusual about the Bacterial Cell?

Answer 12

The Genetic Material is not enclosed in a Nucleus.

Question 13

Which is bigger- Bacteria or Yeast?

Answer 13

Yeast

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

Same concentration of sugars on either side of the cell wall.

Question 16

Flaccid

Answer 16

Drooping or Inelastic through lack of water

Question 17

Turgid

Answer 17

Swollen and Distended or congested.

Question 18

Active Transport

Answer 18

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient and/or across a cell membrane, using energy from respiration.

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

Question 20

Why do single celled organisms have a relatively large surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 20

So all necessary exchanges with the environment take place over this surface.

Question 21

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 21

Diffusion is the movement of all types of particle from a region of high to low concentration. Osmosis is the movement of water from a dilute solution across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 22

5 main structures of an animal cell

Answer 22

CytoplasmNucleusCell MembraneMitochondriaRibosomes

Question 23

Flagella

Answer 23

Long protein strands.Used to move about.

Question 24

Plasmids

Answer 24

Extra circles of DNA found in bacterial cytoplasm.

Question 25

Slime Capsule

Answer 25

an unorganised layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells.

Question 26

Yeast

Answer 26

Single celled fungi which produce ethanol when they respire carbohydrates anaerobically.

Question 27

Asexual Budding

Answer 27

A form of asexual reproduction where a complete new individual forms as a bud on the parent organism.

Question 28

Tissue

Answer 28

A group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 29

Net movement =

Answer 29

Particles moving in-Particles moving out

Question 30

Organs

Answer 30

Made of tissues, but can contain several types of tissue.

Question 31

During diffusion, the greater the difference in concentration between the two areas…

Answer 31

… The faster the rate of diffusion.

Question 32

HypERtonic

Answer 32

The concentration of sugars outside the cell is HIGHER than the concentration inside the cell.

Question 33

HypOtonic

Answer 33

The concentration of sugars outside the cell is LOWER than the concentration inside the cell.

Question 34

What is needed for Active Transport to take place?

Answer 34

Energy from respiration.

Question 35

Why is active transport important?

Answer 35

It allows cells to absorb very important substances from very dilute solutions.

Question 36

Turgor

Answer 36

When the pressure of the cell wall on the cytoplasm makes the cell rigid.

Question 37

Gaseous exchange

Answer 37

The exchange of gases e.g. O2 and CO2 which occurs between the air in the lungs and the blood.

Question 38

4 Characteristics of Exchange Surfaces

Answer 38

Large SA Thin (In animals) Efficient Blood Supply (In animals) Ventilated

Question 39

Villi

Answer 39

Finger-like projections from the lining of the small intestine which increases the SA for the absorption of digested food into the blood.

Question 40

Exchange Surface

Answer 40

A surface where materials are exchanged in larger organisms.

Question 41

3 plant cell structures

Answer 41

> Vacuole

> Cell Wall

> Chloroplasts