B5: Human Biology- Circulation and Digestion Flashcards
Urea
A waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins.
3 Red Blood Cell Properties
> Biconcave discs (largest SA)
Haemoglobin to carry O2
No nucleus, more space for haemoglobin
Oxygen + Haemoglobin ->
Oxyhemoglobin
2 Types of White Blood Cells
PHAGOCYTES- Engulf bacteria and viruses
LYMPHOCYTES- Produce antibodies
Antigens
Proteins on the surface of cells
Antibodies
Proteins made by the white blood cells which agglutinate to antigens of the same letter (A to a)
Platelets
Small fragments of cells that have no nucleus
3 roles of White Blood Cells
> To ingest microorganisms
To produce antibodies
To produce antitoxins
What is carried in plasma?
> Excess CO2
Small soluble pieces of food
Urea
3 components of blood plasma
> White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Coronary Heart Disease
Heart disease caused by problems with the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.
What is the sinoatrial node?
A group of cells in the right atrium of the heart that act as a natural pacemaker.
Coronary Arteries
An artery which carries oxygenated blood to the muscle of the heart.
Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Pulmonary Artery
Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Vena Cava
Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart
Artery
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Pressurised
Thick walls
Small Lumen
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. Less Pressurised Large lumen Thin walls Valves
Capillary
Walls are single cell thick
Tiny vessel with narrow lumen
What is blood clotting?
A series of enzyme controlled reactions that change fibrinogen -> fibrin.
Stents
A metal mesh placed in the artery which is used to open up the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon.
Artificial Pacemaker
An electrical device to replace the sinoatrial node when is malfunctions.
Downside of a mechanical heart valve
User has to take anti blood clot medication for the rest of their life.
pH of the stomach
Acidic
pH of the small intestine
Alkaline
Bile- Where is it made, where is it stored?
Made in the liver
Stored in the Gall Bladder
Bile and pH
Bile is squirted from the bile duct onto acidic food from the stomach to make it alkaline for the small intestine.
Bile and Fats
Bile emulsifies fats to make it easier for enzymes to break them down.
Blood Group B ANTIGENS + antibodies
B
a
Blood Group A ANTIGENS + antibodies
A
b
Blood Group O ANTIGENS + antibodies
-
a and b
Blood Group AB ANTIGENS + antibodies
A and B
-
