B5: Human Biology- Circulation and Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Urea

A

A waste product formed in the liver from the breakdown of proteins.

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2
Q

3 Red Blood Cell Properties

A

> Biconcave discs (largest SA)
Haemoglobin to carry O2
No nucleus, more space for haemoglobin

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3
Q

Oxygen + Haemoglobin ->

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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4
Q

2 Types of White Blood Cells

A

PHAGOCYTES- Engulf bacteria and viruses

LYMPHOCYTES- Produce antibodies

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5
Q

Antigens

A

Proteins on the surface of cells

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6
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins made by the white blood cells which agglutinate to antigens of the same letter (A to a)

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7
Q

Platelets

A

Small fragments of cells that have no nucleus

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8
Q

3 roles of White Blood Cells

A

> To ingest microorganisms
To produce antibodies
To produce antitoxins

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9
Q

What is carried in plasma?

A

> Excess CO2
Small soluble pieces of food
Urea

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10
Q

3 components of blood plasma

A

> White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets

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11
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Heart disease caused by problems with the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood.

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12
Q

What is the sinoatrial node?

A

A group of cells in the right atrium of the heart that act as a natural pacemaker.

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13
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

An artery which carries oxygenated blood to the muscle of the heart.

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14
Q

Aorta

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs.

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15
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

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16
Q

Vena Cava

A

Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart

17
Q

Artery

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Pressurised
Thick walls
Small Lumen

18
Q

Veins

A
Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Less Pressurised
Large lumen
Thin walls
Valves
19
Q

Capillary

A

Walls are single cell thick

Tiny vessel with narrow lumen

20
Q

What is blood clotting?

A

A series of enzyme controlled reactions that change fibrinogen -> fibrin.

21
Q

Stents

A

A metal mesh placed in the artery which is used to open up the blood vessel by the inflation of a tiny balloon.

22
Q

Artificial Pacemaker

A

An electrical device to replace the sinoatrial node when is malfunctions.

23
Q

Downside of a mechanical heart valve

A

User has to take anti blood clot medication for the rest of their life.

24
Q

pH of the stomach

A

Acidic

25
Q

pH of the small intestine

A

Alkaline

26
Q

Bile- Where is it made, where is it stored?

A

Made in the liver

Stored in the Gall Bladder

27
Q

Bile and pH

A

Bile is squirted from the bile duct onto acidic food from the stomach to make it alkaline for the small intestine.

28
Q

Bile and Fats

A

Bile emulsifies fats to make it easier for enzymes to break them down.

29
Q

Blood Group B ANTIGENS + antibodies

A

B

a

30
Q

Blood Group A ANTIGENS + antibodies

A

A

b

31
Q

Blood Group O ANTIGENS + antibodies

A

-

a and b

32
Q

Blood Group AB ANTIGENS + antibodies

A

A and B

-