B2: Cell Division, Differentiation and Organisation

Question 1

Stem Cells

Answer 1

Stem cells differentiate to form different specialised cells.

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

Asexual cell division where two identical daughter cells are formed.

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

The two stage process of cell division which reduces the chromosome no. of the daughter cells to make gametes for sexual reproduction.

Question 4

Zygote

Answer 4

Cell formed when a male and female gamete fuse at fertilisation. It then divides and becomes a hollow ball of cells- the embryo.

Question 5

Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 5

Come from an embryonic version of yourself. Used to create extra cells to produce extra parts needed to repair the body

Question 6

Therapeutic Cloning

Answer 6

The permitted creation of cloned human tissues for surgical transplant.

Question 7

Cell Cycle

Answer 7

The sequence of events by which cells grow and divide.

Question 8

Tumour

Answer 8

A swelling of a part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue.

Question 9

Benign Tumour

Answer 9

A tumour that is not cancerous.

Question 10

Malignant Tumour

Answer 10

A tumour that is cancerous and tends to spread to other parts of the body. (metastase)

Question 11

Cancer

Answer 11

A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

Question 12

Metastase

Answer 12

The spread of a cancer from one part of the body to another non-adjacent part.

Question 13

Ionising Radiation

Answer 13

radiation consisting of particles, X-rays, or gamma rays with sufficient energy to cause ionisation in the body.

Question 14

Muscular Tissue

Answer 14

Animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells.

Question 15

Glandular Tissue

Answer 15

The tissue which makes up the glands and secretes chemicals.

Question 16

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 16

Tissue made up of relatively unspecialised cells which line the tubes and organs of the body.

Question 17

Epidermal Tissue

Answer 17

The outermost layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant.

Question 18

Palisade Mesophyll

Answer 18

The upper layer of ground tissue in a leaf.

Question 19

Spongy Mesophyll

Answer 19

The lower layer of the ground tissue of a leaf.

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

Transfers water around the plant

Question 21

Phloem

Answer 21

Transfers sugars around the plant

Question 22

Digestive Juices

Answer 22

Secretions that aid digestion.

Question 23

MITosis

Answer 23

Making Identical Two

Question 24

MEiosis

Answer 24

Making Eggs (and sperm)

Question 25

Where does Mitosis take place in plants?

Answer 25

In the meristems found in the shoot and root tips

Question 26

Male Gametes

Answer 26

Sperm (testes)

Question 27

Female Gametes

Answer 27

Ova (ovaries)

Question 28

Interphase

Answer 28

The phase in the cell cycle where no cell division occurs.