B12: Adaptations and Interdependence Flashcards
Plant conditions for life.
> Light > CO2 > Water > Oxygen > Nutrients
Animals conditions for life.
> Food from other living organisms
Water
Oxygen
Herbivore Teeth Adaptations
Teeth for grinding up plant cells.
Carnivore Teeth Adaptations
Teeth adapted for tearing flesh and grinding bones.
Extremophiles
Organisms which live in environments that are very extreme.
Cold Climate Adaptations
> Thick Fur
Blubber
White in winter, brown in summer.
Bigger animals have larger surface area- volume ratio, so conserve energy. (BUT makes it more difficult to cool down).
Hot Climate Adaptations
> Adapted to conserve water.
> Are active + hunt at night.
How are plants able to control water water loss?
> Plants lose water from the surface of their leaves.
Reduced SA of leaves.
Water Storage Tissues.
Extensive root systems.
What does the leaf’s surface use to stop water loss?
A thick waxy cuticle.
Maram Grass Adaptation
Tightly curled leaves to reduce the SA for water loss.
Butcher’s Broom Adaptations
> Its leaves are flattened, stem like forms, with very few stomata.
This means that it loses very little water, and can survive in adverse conditions.
Water Storage Tissue.
Tissue within plants that survive in hot, dry conditions.
When there is plenty of rain, the plant stores some of the water in these tissues to help them survive when the weather becomes drier.
Pros and Cons of Stomata for plants.
+ Able to exchange gases for photosynthesis and respiration.
- When they are open, water is lost through them by evaporation.
Inter-Specific Competition
Competition for different resources between members of different species.
Intra-Specific Competition
Competition for different resources between members of the same species.
What do animals compete for?
> Food
Territory
Mates
What do plants compete for?
> Light
Water
Nutrients
Space
Parasites
An organism which lives in or on other living organisms and gets some or all of its nourishment for this host organism.
Flea Adaptations
> Sharp mouthparts.
Saliva that prevents blood clotting, which could block their mouthparts.
Flattened bodies for easier movement.
Hard bodies to avoid being destroyed by scratching.
Powerful legs for jumping.
Tapeworm Adaptations
> Head with hooks/ suckers, to latch on to the gut wall.
Made of 1000 thin, flattened segments that produce eggs every day.
Absorb nutrients directly across their skin.
Thick outer cuticle to protect from digestive enzymes of host.
Absorb already digested nutrients from host.
Name of Malaria Parasite.
Plasmodium Falciparum.
Gametocytes
> The stage in the lifecycle of the malaria parasite that infects female mosquitos when they take a blood meal from an infected human.
Reproduce sexually.
Change into sporozoites in the salivary glands of the mosquito.
Sporozoites
> The stage in the lifecycle of the malaria parasite that is passed on to humans when the female mosquito takes a blood meal and injects her saliva into the blood vessels to prevent the blood clotting as she feeds.
Blood moves the Sporozoites into the liver, where they reproduce asexually into thousands of merozoites.
Merozoites
> The stage in the lifecycle of the malaria parasite that is released from the liver and into the red blood cells.
Hidden from the body’s immune system, here some of the merozoites become Schizonts.
