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Biology GCSE > B9 ECOLOGY > Flashcards

B9 ECOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Ecosystem

A

An area in which the interactions between all the living organisms and all the physical factors form a stable relationship needing no external input

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2
Q

Habitat

A

A Particula area within an ecosystem

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3
Q

Community

A

All the organisms living in an ecosystem

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4
Q

Interdependence

A

The way in which the organisms in an area depend on each other for food shelter protection and so on

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5
Q

Population

A

The members of one particular species within an ecosystem

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6
Q

Abundance

A

The number of members of one species in an ecosystem

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7
Q

Quadrat

A

I metal square used to help find the number of small organisms living in an area

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8
Q

Random sampling

A

Estimating the population of organisms in an area by randomly dropping a contract several times finding the average number of organisms present and scaling up your answer

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9
Q

Population size

A

Population size equals number of organisms in quadrat times total area divided by contract area

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10
Q

Abiotic factor

A

A non-living factor that influences what can live where

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11
Q

Important abiotic factors

A

Temperature light intensity rainfall type of landscape soil pH soil nutrients pollution

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12
Q

Pollutants

A

Substances produced by human activities that can poison some or all of the living organisms in an area

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13
Q

Adaptations to abiotic factors

A

Features of plants and animals that are suited to the abiotic factors where they live

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14
Q

Changes to abiotic factors

A

If abiotic factor changes such as temperature increases due to global warming organisms may no longer be well adapt to where they live and may die out

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15
Q

Biotic factor

A

Anything factor that influences what can live where

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16
Q

Important biotic factors

A

The presence of food organisms predators competing organisms and disease

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17
Q

Competition

A

Often two or more different organisms may compete for the same resources such as food water or light

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18
Q

Effects of reducing competition

A

Reduced competition when a species go extinct can lead to unpredictable events on another species with some benefiting from reduced predication and others benefiting

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19
Q

Predator prey cycle

A

Asked a number of prey animals increases the number of predators increase the predators over predate the prey leading to a fall in prime numbers which causes the number of predators to go down as there is less food the number of prey increases again because you are being eaten

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

A speeding up relationship in which a parasite phase of its host causing harm to the host but normally not killing it

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21
Q

Examples of parasites

A

Please and lead to sucking blood tapeworms living in animals mistletoe burrowing it’s roots into tree branches

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22
Q

Mutalism

A

Organisms that live together in a relationship where both benefit

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23
Q

Example of mutalism

A

Cleaner fish that swim into sharks mouth started without being eating algae that live inside coral polyps gaining shelter and providing food

24
Q

biodiversity

A

The number of different species living in an area

High biodiversity is good

25
Q

Fish farms

A

Farms based in water where fish are farmed in pens to reduce the need to catch them in the wild

26
Q

Effect of fish farming on biodiversity

A

The waste produced by the fish sinks to the sea floor changing the conditions and harming the organisms living there

27
Q

Introduced species

A

Organisms introduced by humans intentionally or accidentally into a new ecosystem

28
Q

Effect of introduced species on biodiversity

A

Many introduced species upset natural ecosystems by changing the food web introduced species often lack of predators that can control their numbers

29
Q

Eutrophication

A

Fertiliser used on farmland gets washed into lakes and rivers by rain it causes algae to grow out of control and when the algae dies it sinks to the bottom of rots which uses of the oxygen in the water

30
Q

Effects of eutrophication on biodiversity

A

With less oxygen in the water many species die and biodiversity is reduced

31
Q

Importance of biodiversity

A

Areas with high biodiversity recover more quickly from disasters such as floods and droughts many plants and animals are useful for new medicines and products

32
Q

Endangered

A

When a species is at risk of dying out usually because it has been over hunted or its habitat has been destroyed

33
Q

Conservation

A

When an effort is made to protect rare or endangered species or their habitat

34
Q

Importance of conservation

A

Conservation Can make the difference between a species dying out or surviving it increases biodiversity

35
Q

Reforestation

A

Planting trees or allowing trees to grow and on old farmland it increases biodiversity by increasing the range of habitats in an area

36
Q

Captive breeding programs

A

Breeding animals in zoos where they are protected from danger in order to be able to release them into the wild

37
Q

Water cycle

A

The way in water is continuously moved around different plants of the environment

38
Q

Water cycle stages

A 
Precipitation 
Surface run off 
Infiltration 
Evaporation 
Condensation
39
Q

Precipitation

A

Water falls to the ground as rain snow and hail

40
Q

Surface run off and infiltration

A

Water soaks into the ground or banned off into streams and rivers into lakes and oceans

41
Q

Evaporation

A

Water evaporates as water vapour from oceans lakes and rivers

42
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapour condenses into tiny droplets to form clouds

43
Q

Desalination

A

Producing portable drinking water from salty water for example by distillation useful in areas of low rainfall

44
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The way carbon is continuously moved between different stores in the environment

45
Q

Carbon cycle photosynthesis

A

Carbon is transferred from the carbon dioxide in the air into plants

46
Q

Carbon cycle feeding

A

Carbon is transferred from plants into animals and from animals into our animals

47
Q

Carbon cycle death and excretion

A

Carbon is waste and dead bodies is transferred to decomposes or to fossil fuels

48
Q

Carbon cycle respiration

A

Plants animals and decomposes transfer carbon back to the air as carbon dioxide by respiration

49
Q

Carbon cycle combustion

A

Humans transfer carbon back to the air by burning fossil fuels

50
Q

Importance of nitrogen

A

Nitrogen is used to make amino acid’s which are used to make the proteins needed for growth and repair

51
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

The way nitrogen is continuously moved between different stores in the environment

52
Q

Nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen fixation

A

Nitrogen in the air is converted to nitrates in the soil by nitrogen fixing bacteria

53
Q

Nitrogen cycle

Plants

A

Plants absorb nitrates from the soil and covert then into amino acids and proteins

54
Q

Nitrogen cycle

Feeding

A

Animals eat plants transferring nitrogen into them in the from of protein.

55
Q

Nitrogen cycle

Death and excretion

A

Nitrogen in the form of urea and protein is transferred to decomposers in the soil by death and excretion

56
Q

Nitrogen cycle

Decomposers

A

Decomposers concert nitrogen in urea and proteins into nitrates

57
Q

Nitrogen cycle

Denitrification

A

Denitrying bacteria in the soil convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas in the air

Biology GCSE (9 decks)

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