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Biology GCSE > B7 HORMONES > Flashcards

B7 HORMONES Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical messenger that changes the way a part of the body works

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2
Q

Important hormones

A 
Insulin 
Glucagon 
Adrenalin 
Oestrogen 
Progesterone 
Testosterone 
Thyroxine 
LH
FSH
ACTB
Growth hormone
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3
Q

Endocrine

A

Parts of the body that produce hormones

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4
Q

Important endocrine glands

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas

Adrenal glands , ovaries and testes

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5
Q

Target organ

A

The part of the body affected by a hormone

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6
Q

Sex hormones

A

Women - oestrogen and progesterone

Men-testosterone

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7
Q

Metabolic rate

A

The rate at which the bod uses the energy stored in food

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8
Q

Thyroxine

A

Role- to control your metabolic rate

Endocrine gland- thyroid gland

Target organ- most of the body

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9
Q

Negative feedback

A

The way the body responds to high levels of something by bringing them down and low levels by bringing them up

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10
Q

Negative feedback and the metabolic

Rate

A

1) low levels of thyroxine stimulates production of a TRH in hypothalamus
2) this causes the release of TSH from pituitary gland
3) TSH causes the thyroid to produce thyroxine

4)normal levels of thyroxine inhibits
The release of TRH and the production of TSH

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11
Q

Adrenaline

A

Role is to prepare the body for fight or flight

Endocrine gland : adrenal glands

Target organ
Hearts beats faster and stronger, blood vessels going to muscles get wider, blood vessels going to organ get narrower , liver releases glucose

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12
Q

Menstrual cycles

A

A roughly 28 day cycle that prepares a woman’s body for pregnancy

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13
Q

Ovulation

A

The release of an egg cell by an ovary

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14
Q

Fertilisation

A

When a sperm cell fuses with an egg to form a zygote

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15
Q

Days 1-5

A

Menstruation: the lining of the uterus breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina

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16
Q

Days 6-12

A

The uterus lining begins to thicken again

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17
Q

Days 13-15

A

Ovation happens

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18
Q

Days 16-28

A

The uterus lining continues to thicken and would be able to accept an embryro if fertilisation happens

19
Q

Control of the cycle

A

The menstrual cycle is controlled by the sex hormones : oestrogen
And progesterone

20
Q

Egg foilie

A

A layer of tissue surrounding each of the immature eggs in the ovaries

21
Q

Oestrogen

A

Causes the release of FSH and the thickening of the uterus lining
High oestrogen levels cause LH release

22
Q

FSH

A

Causes one foilicle to develop and mature the egg cell within it

23
Q

LH

A

Causes ovulation when the egg is released from the foilicle

24
Q

Corpus

Luteum

A

The foilicle becomes a corpus luteum after ovulation and releases progesterone it breaks down over two weeks

25
Q

Progesterone

A

Maintains the thickness of the uterus lining inhibits FSH release
Falling progesterone levels trigger ovulation

26
Q

Contraception

A

Preventing sexual intercourse from leading to fertilisation and pregnancy

27
Q

Condom

A

Worn on the penis they prevent sperm from entering the vagina
Also prevents STDS

28
Q

Diaphragm or cap

A

Placed over the cervix at the top of the vagina prevent sperm entering uterus do not prevent STDS

29
Q

Contraceptive pill/ implant

A

Uses hormones to prevent ovulation. Does not prevent STDS

30
Q

Assisted reproductive technology

ART

A

Using hormones and other methods to increase the chance of pregnancy

31
Q

Clomifene therapy

A

Clomifene increases the levels of FSH and LH to make egg successful ovulation more likely

32
Q

In vitro fertilisation

IVF

A

Sperm is extracted from a man and eggs from a women

The eggs are fertilised in a laboratory and one or more is placed into the uterus

33
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining constant conditions in the body such as temperature or blood glucose concentration

34
Q

Blood glucose concentration

A 
The concentration (amount) of glucose in the blood 
Both too high and too low are dangerous
35
Q

Glycogen

A

A stored from of glucose made by joining glucose molecules together in long chains

36
Q

Insulin

A

Role is to produce blood glucose concentration

endocrine gland - pancreas

Target organ - liver and muscles which convert glucose into glycogen

37
Q

Glucagon

A

Role is to increase blood glucose concentration

Endocrine gland - pancreas

Target organ - liver and muscles which convert glycogen back into glucose

38
Q

Diabetes

A

A disease in which the body cannot quickly reduce blood glucose concentrations after eating

39
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Diabetes caused when a persons pancreas can’t produce insulin

40
Q

Treating type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin injections

41
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Diabetes caused when a person does not produce enough insulin or stops responding to insulin

42
Q

Risk factors for type 2 diabetes

A

Obesity and inactivity (lack of exercise)

43
Q

Treating type 2 diabetes

A

Low sugar diet, increased exercise

Medication to make the body more sensitive to insulin

44
Q

Measuring obesity

A

Body mass index above 30:
BMI = mass in kg / height in metre^2

High waist: hip ratio
Waist :hip ratio = waist /hip

Biology GCSE (9 decks)

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