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Biology GCSE > B8 EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT > Flashcards

B8 EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT Flashcards

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1
Q

Substances needed by body

A

Oxygen
Glucose
Nutrients

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2
Q

Waste products

A

Carbon dioxide , urea

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3
Q

Transport

A

Moving substances around the body

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4
Q

Exchange

A

Moving substances in and out of our cells

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5
Q

Diffusion.

A

The way substances move in and out of cells-they diffuse from high to low concentration

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6
Q

Increasing diffusion

A

High surface area thin surfaces

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7
Q

Surface area: volume ratio

A

Surface area / volume

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8
Q

Importance of SA : volume ratio

A

A higher ratio means there is more surface area, so substances can diffuse in and out of cells more quickly

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9
Q

Alveoli

A

Role- air sacs in lings CO2 and O2 are exchanged

Adaptations- millions of them gives a high surface area good blood supply maintains a high concentration gradient thin walls increase diffusion

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10
Q

Circulatory system

A

Your heart, arteries, capillaries and veins which work together to pump blood around the body

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11
Q

The role of blood

A

To carry oxygen and nutrients to our cells and take waste products away

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12
Q

Arteries

A

Their role is to carry blood away from the heart

There adaptions are thick muscle walls to withstand the high-pressure elastic fibres to stretch as pressure increases during a pulse

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13
Q

Capillaries

A

Their role is to exchange nutrients and waste between the blood and cells

The adoption of thin walls to increase diffusion many many of them to give a high surface area

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14
Q

Veins

A

The role is to carry blood towards the heart

Their adaptions off in the walls because pressure is low ,wide because blood is moving slowly valves so blood flows right away

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15
Q

Components of blood

A

Plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
Platelets

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16
Q

Plasma

A

A straw coloured liquid that carries the blood cells and dissolved substances such as urea ,carbon dioxide and glucose

17
Q

Red blood cells

Erythrocytes

A

Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body

18
Q

White blood cells

A 
Fight pathogens (infections)
Many types including 
Phagocytes - engulf (eat pathogens)

Lymphocyte- produce antibodies to attack pathogens

19
Q

Platelets

A

Small fragments of cells that help the blood to clot when you are cut

20
Q

Heart

A

A double pump that pumps blood
Right side- to lungs
Left side - around the whole body

21
Q

Atria

Atriums

A

The two chambers at the top of the heart
Right : receives blood from body
Left : receives blood from lungs

22
Q

Ventricles

A

The two chambers at the bottom of the heart
Right : pumps blood to lungs
Left : pumps blood to body

23
Q

Valves

A

Prevent blood from flowing from the ventricles back to the atria

24
Q

Vena cava

A

Carries blood from the body into the right atrium

25
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

26
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium

27
Q

Aorta

A

Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body

28
Q

Cardiac output

A

Cardiac = stroke volume x heart rate

29
Q

Increasing cardiac output

A

Stronger heart beats (higher stroke volume) higher heat rate

30
Q

Respiration

A

An exothermic reaction carried out in all living cells to release energy from food molecules such as glucose

31
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

The main type of respiration which takes place in mitochondria and uses oxygen

32
Q

Aerobic equation

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide +water

33
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

A form of respiration that releases less energy but extremely quickly
Takes place in the cytoplasm

34
Q

Anaerobic equation

A

Glucose -> lactic acid

35
Q

Role of aerobic respiration

A

to provide an energy boost during intense exercise when aerobic respiration alone isn’t enough

36
Q

Lactic acidosis

A

A poison that builds up in muscles during anaerobic respiration leading to muscle tiredness and cramp

37
Q

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption

A

We continue to breathe heavily and high high heart rate after exercise to get loads of oxygen to the muscles to oxidise harmful lactic acid CO2 and H2O

Biology GCSE (9 decks)

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