B9 Flashcards
What is cellular respiration
An exothermic reaction that takes place in a cell or in the body
Aerobic respiration word equation
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
What is an exothermic reaction
Transverse energy to the enviroment
Where do exothermic reactions take place
Mitochondria
Give 3 examples for the need of respiration
For synthesis reactions
To break larger molecules into smaller ones
To contract muscles
Give 3 examples for the body’s response to exercise
Increase in heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume
Increase of oxygenated blood flow
To make glucose
What do the body’s responses to exercise aim to do
Increase the supply of glcse + o2 and the removal of co2
What happens when insufficient oxygen is supplied
Incomplete oxidation of glucose - build up of lactic acid - causes oxygen debt - stops muscles contracting efficiently
What is oxygen debt
Amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the built up lactic acid to remove it
What happens to lactic acid after exercise
Transported to the liver - turned to glucose
When does anaerobic respiration start
Muscles work hard for a long time - don’t contract efficiently - if not enough oxygen - respires anaerobically
What is anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen - glucose incompletely broken down to form lactic acid
What does anaerobic respiration in plants do
Production of co2
Anaerobic respiration muscles word equation
Glucose = lactic acid
Why is aerobic more effective than anaerobic
Aerobic breaks down glucose completely
Anaerobic in plants word equation
Glucose = ethanol + co2
Anaerobic respiration is yeast cells
Fermentation - has economic importance in the making of bread and alcohol
What is metabolism
Sum of all the reactions in a cell pr in the body
What is the energy transferred from respiration in metabolism used for
For continual enzyme controlled process of metabolism that makes new molecules
Name 3 metabolic reactions
The conversion to starch, glycogen and cellulose
Formation of lipids from glycerol and to 3 fatty acid molecules
Use of nitrate ions to form amino acids and proteins
Give 3 roles of the liver
Detoxifying poisonous substances like ethanol
Passing the breakdown of products to the blood so they can be excreted
Storing iron from breaking down old/worn out blood cells
Describe how stored glycogen can provide glucose to respiring cells in a different part of the body.
Glycogen is broken down into glucose
Glucose diffuses into the blood
Dissolved glucose travels through the bloodstream
Diffuses into respiring cells
Why was a layer of oil put on top of the yeast and sugar solution.
So that no oxygen could escape
