B6 Preventing And Treating Disease Flashcards
Describe the process of vaccination
Small amounts of dead or in active forms of a pathogen into your body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies
Why is it difficult to develop drugs that can destroy viruses
Because viruses reproduce inside the cells and it has to be done without damaging your cells
Where were drugs originally extracted from
From plants like digitalis or
Microorganisms like penicillin
Who was penicillin discovered by
Alexander Fleming from the penicillium mould
what are new medical drugs tested for? TED
Efficacy toxicity and dosage
Preclinical and clinical
On
Where is digitalis extracted from
Foxgloves
Where does aspirin originate from
Willow
Antibiotics
Drugs that kill bacteria
Antigens
Proteins on the surface of cells
Binary fission
when bacteria divides rapidly and easily due to cell division
Suggest why only healthy volunteers and only low doses are used at this stage of drug testing
Patient might be taking another drug
To look for side effects
Describe how monoclonal antibodies are produced
• mouse is injected with antigen / protein • immune system is stimulated • produces lymphocytes • lymphocyte is combined with a tumour cell • to form a hybridoma cell • hybridoma cell divides • forms a clone of hybridoma cells • cells produce a specific antibody • many cells produce a lot of the antibody • antibody is purified
Describe how a cancer cell can spread to different parts of the body
cells break off - travel in the blood
