B3 Organisation And The Digestive System Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structure and function
What is an organ?
Collections of tissues performing specific functions
What are organs organised into?
Organ systems, which work together to form organisms
What are organ systems
Groups of organs that perform specific functions in the body
What is the digestive system in an animal
An organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food
What are carbohydrates made up of
Units of sugar
What are simple sugars
Carbohydrates that contain only one or two sugar units
What do complex carbohydrates contain
Long chains of simple sugar units bonded together. Starch turns yellowred iodine solution blueblack
What do lipids consist of
Three molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol.
The ethanol test indicates the…
presence of lipids in solutions
What are protein molecules made up of
Long chains of animo acids.
What do catalysts do
They increase the rate of chemical reactions without changing chemically themselves
What are enzymes
Biological catalysts
What do enzymes do
catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site aka the lock and key theory
What is the metabolism
Sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
The substrate binds to the active site and the reaction is catalysed by…
The enzyme
What is enzyme activity affected by
Temperature and pH
High temperatures denature the enzyme, doing what to the active site
Changing shape of it
What happens when the pH affects the shape of the active site
It can make it work efficiently or make it stop working
What does digestion involve
The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into soluble substances that can be absorbed into the blood across the wall of the small intestine.
What are digestive enzymes produced by
Specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the digestive system
What do carboghydrases, such as amylase, catalyse
The breakdown of carbohydrates to simple sugars.
What do proteases catalyse?
The breakdown of proteins to amino acids
What do lipases catalyse
The breakdown of lipids to fatty acid’s and glycerol
What conditions do protease enzymes of the stomach work best in
Acid conditions
What conditions do protease enzymes that are made in the pancreas and the small intestine work best in
Alkaline conditions
Name one organ that makes lipase
Pancreas or small intestine
Which blood vessel do stents and statins go into
Arteries
Name a difference in composition of blood in arteries and veins
Arteries have less oxygen
Name three chemical substances transported by the plasma
Cholesterol Water Glycerol amino acids Fatty acids
Describe how pathogens cause infections
Vaccine is inactive form of pathogen
Stimulates antibody OR antitoxin production
By white blood cells
Antibodies kill pathogen
Antibodies quickly produced on reinfection
Give two factors that affect the concentration in the blood
Genes
Diet
In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries. Explain why this could be dangerous
Stops blood ge
