B3 Organisation And The Digestive System

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 2

What is an organ?

Answer 2

Collections of tissues performing specific functions

Question 3

What are organs organised into?

Answer 3

Organ systems, which work together to form organisms

Question 4

What are organ systems

Answer 4

Groups of organs that perform specific functions in the body

Question 5

What is the digestive system in an animal

Answer 5

An organ system where several organs work together to digest and absorb food

Question 6

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 6

Units of sugar

Question 7

What are simple sugars

Answer 7

Carbohydrates that contain only one or two sugar units

Question 8

What do complex carbohydrates contain

Answer 8

Long chains of simple sugar units bonded together. Starch turns yellowred iodine solution blueblack

Question 9

What do lipids consist of

Answer 9

Three molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol.

Question 10

The ethanol test indicates the…

Answer 10

presence of lipids in solutions

Question 11

What are protein molecules made up of

Answer 11

Long chains of animo acids.

Question 12

What do catalysts do

Answer 12

They increase the rate of chemical reactions without changing chemically themselves

Question 13

What are enzymes

Answer 13

Biological catalysts

Question 14

What do enzymes do

Answer 14

catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site aka the lock and key theory

Question 15

What is the metabolism

Answer 15

Sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 16

The substrate binds to the active site and the reaction is catalysed by…

Answer 16

The enzyme

Question 17

What is enzyme activity affected by

Answer 17

Temperature and pH

Question 18

High temperatures denature the enzyme, doing what to the active site

Answer 18

Changing shape of it

Question 19

What happens when the pH affects the shape of the active site

Answer 19

It can make it work efficiently or make it stop working

Question 20

What does digestion involve

Answer 20

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into soluble substances that can be absorbed into the blood across the wall of the small intestine.

Question 21

What are digestive enzymes produced by

Answer 21

Specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the digestive system

Question 22

What do carboghydrases, such as amylase, catalyse

Answer 22

The breakdown of carbohydrates to simple sugars.

Question 23

What do proteases catalyse?

Answer 23

The breakdown of proteins to amino acids

Question 24

What do lipases catalyse

Answer 24

The breakdown of lipids to fatty acid’s and glycerol

Question 25

What conditions do protease enzymes of the stomach work best in

Answer 25

Acid conditions

Question 26

What conditions do protease enzymes that are made in the pancreas and the small intestine work best in

Answer 26

Alkaline conditions

Question 27

Name one organ that makes lipase

Answer 27

Pancreas or small intestine

Question 28

Which blood vessel do stents and statins go into

Answer 28

Arteries

Question 29

Name a difference in composition of blood in arteries and veins

Answer 29

Arteries have less oxygen

Question 30

Name three chemical substances transported by the plasma

Answer 30

Cholesterol
Water
Glycerol 
amino acids
Fatty acids

Question 31

Describe how pathogens cause infections

Answer 31

Vaccine is inactive form of pathogen
Stimulates antibody OR antitoxin production
By white blood cells
Antibodies kill pathogen
Antibodies quickly produced on reinfection

Question 32

Give two factors that affect the concentration in the blood

Answer 32

Genes

Diet

Question 33

In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries. Explain why this could be dangerous

Answer 33

Stops blood ge