B5 Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is health
A state of physical and mental well being
Name 3 other factors that can affect both mental and physical health
Diet stress and life sitations
Different types of diseases may/may not often interact
May
What are communicable diseases caused by
Microorganisms called pathogens, which includes bacteria, fungi, viruses and protists
Bacteria and viruses reproduce rapidly/slowly inside the body
Rapidly
What can bacteria produce that can make you ill
Toxins
How do viruses cause cell damage
By living and reproducing inside the cells
How can pathogens be spread
By direct contact, air or water
How can uncontaminated microorganisms be grown in the lab
On a sterilised petri dish and agar. Sterilise the inoculating loop before use and fix the lid of the petri dish to avoid unwanted microorganisms getting in
What are uncontaminated cultures of microorganisms needed for
The investigation of the action of disinfectants and antibiotics
What temperature should the cultures be incubated at
25 degrees max
Why should the cultures be kept at a max temp of 25 degrees
To reduce the amount of pathogens growing that could be harmful to humans
How quickly can bacteria multiply by simple cell division at the right temp
As often as 20 minutes
How can you investigate the effects of disinfectants and antibiotics on bacterial growth
Using agar plates and calculating the cross sectional area of colonies grown
Name three ways disease can be prevented
Simple hygiene measures
Destroying vectors
Vaccination
Isolating infected induviduals
What sort of disease is measles, HIV and tobacco virus
Viral
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of measles
Spread by droplet infection
Causes fever and rash and could be fatal
There is no cure
Vaccination and isolation of patient can prevent it spreading
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated OF HIV
Initially causes flu like symptoms
Attacks the body’s immune cells
At later stages in AIDS Immune system so badly damaged
Spread through sexual contact or exchange of body fluids
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of tobacco mosaic virus
Spread by contact and vectors
Damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis
No treatment
Prevented by field hygiene and pest control
What type of disease is salmonella, gonorrhoea
Bacterial
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of salmonella
Spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene
Symptoms are fever, abdominal cramps and vomiting/diarrhoea
Because of toxins produced from the bacteria
Vaccination prevents spread of it
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of gonorrhoea
STD
symptoms are discharge from the penis/vagina and painful urination
Treatment antibiotics but some strains are resistant
Prevented by contraception or less sexual partners
What type of disease is rose black spot and malaria
Caused by fungi / protists
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of rose black spot
Spread by wind and water
Damaged leaves so they drop off affecting growth and photo s
Spread is controlled by removing affected leaves
Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of malaria
Caused by parasitic protists Spread by the bite of female mosquitos Damages blood and liver cells Causes fevers and shaking Prevented by mosquito nets
Name three types of defense against the entry of pathogens
Skin, the nose, trachea, bronchi and the stomach
How do white blood cells defend against pathogens
by ingesting them and by making antibodies and antitoxins
Explain how rose black spot disease might affect the growth of a rose bush
less chlorophyll / leaves (so) less light absorbed or (so) less photosynthesis (so) less sugar / glucose / food made
