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Biology > B5 Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

B5 Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is health

A

A state of physical and mental well being

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2
Q

Name 3 other factors that can affect both mental and physical health

A

Diet stress and life sitations

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3
Q

Different types of diseases may/may not often interact

A

May

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4
Q

What are communicable diseases caused by

A

Microorganisms called pathogens, which includes bacteria, fungi, viruses and protists

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5
Q

Bacteria and viruses reproduce rapidly/slowly inside the body

A

Rapidly

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6
Q

What can bacteria produce that can make you ill

A

Toxins

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7
Q

How do viruses cause cell damage

A

By living and reproducing inside the cells

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8
Q

How can pathogens be spread

A

By direct contact, air or water

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9
Q

How can uncontaminated microorganisms be grown in the lab

A

On a sterilised petri dish and agar. Sterilise the inoculating loop before use and fix the lid of the petri dish to avoid unwanted microorganisms getting in

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10
Q

What are uncontaminated cultures of microorganisms needed for

A

The investigation of the action of disinfectants and antibiotics

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11
Q

What temperature should the cultures be incubated at

A

25 degrees max

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12
Q

Why should the cultures be kept at a max temp of 25 degrees

A

To reduce the amount of pathogens growing that could be harmful to humans

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13
Q

How quickly can bacteria multiply by simple cell division at the right temp

A

As often as 20 minutes

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14
Q

How can you investigate the effects of disinfectants and antibiotics on bacterial growth

A

Using agar plates and calculating the cross sectional area of colonies grown

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15
Q

Name three ways disease can be prevented

A

Simple hygiene measures
Destroying vectors
Vaccination
Isolating infected induviduals

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16
Q

What sort of disease is measles, HIV and tobacco virus

A

Viral

17
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of measles

A

Spread by droplet infection
Causes fever and rash and could be fatal
There is no cure
Vaccination and isolation of patient can prevent it spreading

18
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated OF HIV

A

Initially causes flu like symptoms
Attacks the body’s immune cells
At later stages in AIDS Immune system so badly damaged
Spread through sexual contact or exchange of body fluids

19
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of tobacco mosaic virus

A

Spread by contact and vectors
Damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis
No treatment
Prevented by field hygiene and pest control

20
Q

What type of disease is salmonella, gonorrhoea

A

Bacterial

21
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of salmonella

A

Spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene
Symptoms are fever, abdominal cramps and vomiting/diarrhoea
Because of toxins produced from the bacteria
Vaccination prevents spread of it

22
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of gonorrhoea

A

STD
symptoms are discharge from the penis/vagina and painful urination
Treatment antibiotics but some strains are resistant
Prevented by contraception or less sexual partners

23
Q

What type of disease is rose black spot and malaria

A

Caused by fungi / protists

24
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of rose black spot

A

Spread by wind and water
Damaged leaves so they drop off affecting growth and photo s
Spread is controlled by removing affected leaves

25
Q

Describe the causes, how it is spread, and how it can be treated of malaria

A 
Caused by parasitic protists
Spread by the bite of female mosquitos 
Damages blood and liver cells
Causes fevers and shaking
Prevented by mosquito nets
26
Q

Name three types of defense against the entry of pathogens

A

Skin, the nose, trachea, bronchi and the stomach

27
Q

How do white blood cells defend against pathogens

A

by ingesting them and by making antibodies and antitoxins

28
Q

Explain how rose black spot disease might affect the growth of a rose bush

A 
less chlorophyll / leaves
(so) less light absorbed
or
(so) less photosynthesis
(so) less sugar / glucose / food made

Biology (11 decks)

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