B1 Cell Structure And Transport Flashcards
What is the maximum magnification and resolving power of a light microscope?
X2000 and about 200nm
What is the max magnification and resolving power of electron microscopes?
X2,000,000 and about 0.2nm
Equation for magnification
M = size of image / size of real object
List animal cell features
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
List plant and algae cell features
All animal features AND a cellulose cell wall and some contain chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole
Features of eukaryotic cells
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
Features of prokaryotic cells
Cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material is not in a distinct nucleus, it forms a single DNA loop.
Example of prokaryotes
Bacteria
Why do cells differenciate
To form different types of cells as an organism develops
When an animal cell differentiates to form a specialised cell what does it acquire to enable it to carry out a certain function
Different sub-cellular structures
Examples of specialised animal cells
Nerve cells, muscle cells and sperm cells
Examples of specialised plant cells
Root hair cells, xylem cells and phloem cells
What is diffusion
The spreading out of particles of any substance, in a solution or gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of a high concentrated solution to low concentration down a concentration gradient
What is osmosis
A special case of diffusion. It is the movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solute solution through a partially permeable membrane that allows water to pass through.
What is active transport
Moves substances from a dilute solution to a high concentrated solution AGAINST a concentration gradient
