B7 + B8 Flashcards
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that cannot be passed from one person to another
What is a causal mechanism
How one factor affects another factor through a biological process
What are risk factors
Aspects of a persons lifestyle that cam be shown to link to an increased chance of getting a disease
How do benign and malignant tumours form?
From abnormal uncontrolled cell division
What are benign tumours
Forms in one place and does not spread to other tissues
What are malignant tumours
Cancer. Invades neighbouring tissues and may spread to other parts of the body travelling through the bloodstream and causes secondary tumours.
What are the lifestyle risks for cancer (5)
Obesity, smoking, uv exposure, genetics, viral infection
Name two ways to treat cancer
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy
What is chemotherapy
Chemicals used to stop the cancer cells from dividing or making them ‘self destruct’
What is radiotherapy
Cells destroyed by targeted doses of radiation - stops mitosis but can harm healthy cells :(
Name three diseases smoking causes
Cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and lung cancer.
What are the effects of a foetus being exposed to smoke?
Restricted oxygen - leads to premature birth, low birthweight or still birth
What are the effects of alcohol
Cirrhosis and liver cancer - can cause brain damage - death
What is the rate of photosynthesis affected by?
Co2 levels, temperature, light intensity chlorophyll levels
What are limiting factor
Stopping photosynthesis happening faster
Explain the relationship between light intensity and the inverse square law
Light intensity decreases or increases inversely proportional to the square of the distance
How do plant and algae cells use glucose
Respiration, to produce fats and oils for storage, to produce starch for storage, to produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls, to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
Why do plant and algae cells need nitrate
To make amino acids and proteins
Why are limiting factors important for greenhouse economics
Enhancing the conditions in greenhouses to get the maximum rate of photosynthesis, while still maintaining profit.
What type of reaction is photosynthesis
Endothermic
What happens during photosynthesis
Energy is transferred from the env to the chloroplasts by light.
Converts co2 and water into glucose
Oxygen is a by product
Photosynthesis word equation
Co2 + water = glucose + oxygen
How do leaves affect photosynthesis
Allows the max amount of ps to take place
Symbol for glucose
C6h16o6
What is an endothermic reaction
Needs energy from the env
Name 3 leaf adaptions and name how they are useful
Thin - short diffusion pathway
Upper epidermal layer thin - allows light to get to the palisade layer
Palisade layer near the top - captures more light
Large surface area - captures more light
Whats the purpose of putting the leaf in boiling water for one minute
To kill the leaf
Whats the purpose of transferring the leaf to boiling ethanol for 5 minutes
To get rid of chloropyhll
Whats the point in washing the lead in hot water
To soften the leaf
Describe how plants make starch from raw materials
Co2 needed - absorbed from air Water needed - absorbed from soil Light needed - absorbed by chlorophyll (For photosynthesis) To make glucose Glucose joins together to make starch
