B7 + B8

Question 1

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that cannot be passed from one person to another

Question 2

What is a causal mechanism

Answer 2

How one factor affects another factor through a biological process

Question 3

What are risk factors

Answer 3

Aspects of a persons lifestyle that cam be shown to link to an increased chance of getting a disease

Question 4

How do benign and malignant tumours form?

Answer 4

From abnormal uncontrolled cell division

Question 5

What are benign tumours

Answer 5

Forms in one place and does not spread to other tissues

Question 6

What are malignant tumours

Answer 6

Cancer. Invades neighbouring tissues and may spread to other parts of the body travelling through the bloodstream and causes secondary tumours.

Question 7

What are the lifestyle risks for cancer (5)

Answer 7

Obesity, smoking, uv exposure, genetics, viral infection

Question 8

Name two ways to treat cancer

Answer 8

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Question 9

What is chemotherapy

Answer 9

Chemicals used to stop the cancer cells from dividing or making them ‘self destruct’

Question 10

What is radiotherapy

Answer 10

Cells destroyed by targeted doses of radiation - stops mitosis but can harm healthy cells :(

Question 11

Name three diseases smoking causes

Answer 11

Cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and lung cancer.

Question 12

What are the effects of a foetus being exposed to smoke?

Answer 12

Restricted oxygen - leads to premature birth, low birthweight or still birth

Question 13

What are the effects of alcohol

Answer 13

Cirrhosis and liver cancer - can cause brain damage - death

Question 14

What is the rate of photosynthesis affected by?

Answer 14

Co2 levels, temperature, light intensity chlorophyll levels

Question 15

What are limiting factor

Answer 15

Stopping photosynthesis happening faster

Question 16

Explain the relationship between light intensity and the inverse square law

Answer 16

Light intensity decreases or increases inversely proportional to the square of the distance

Question 17

How do plant and algae cells use glucose

Answer 17

Respiration, to produce fats and oils for storage, to produce starch for storage, to produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls, to produce amino acids for protein synthesis

Question 18

Why do plant and algae cells need nitrate

Answer 18

To make amino acids and proteins

Question 19

Why are limiting factors important for greenhouse economics

Answer 19

Enhancing the conditions in greenhouses to get the maximum rate of photosynthesis, while still maintaining profit.

Question 20

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

Answer 20

Endothermic

Question 21

What happens during photosynthesis

Answer 21

Energy is transferred from the env to the chloroplasts by light.
Converts co2 and water into glucose
Oxygen is a by product

Question 22

Photosynthesis word equation

Answer 22

Co2 + water = glucose + oxygen

Question 23

How do leaves affect photosynthesis

Answer 23

Allows the max amount of ps to take place

Question 24

Symbol for glucose

Answer 24

C6h16o6

Question 25

What is an endothermic reaction

Answer 25

Needs energy from the env

Question 26

Name 3 leaf adaptions and name how they are useful

Answer 26

Thin - short diffusion pathway
Upper epidermal layer thin - allows light to get to the palisade layer
Palisade layer near the top - captures more light
Large surface area - captures more light

Question 27

Whats the purpose of putting the leaf in boiling water for one minute

Answer 27

To kill the leaf

Question 28

Whats the purpose of transferring the leaf to boiling ethanol for 5 minutes

Answer 28

To get rid of chloropyhll

Question 29

Whats the point in washing the lead in hot water

Answer 29

To soften the leaf

Question 30

Describe how plants make starch from raw materials

Answer 30

Co2 needed - absorbed from air
Water needed - absorbed from soil
Light needed - absorbed by chlorophyll
(For photosynthesis)
To make glucose 
Glucose joins together to make starch